我院儿科下呼吸道感染抗菌药物应用评价

目的：了解我院儿科下呼吸道感染抗菌药物的应用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：收集2013年6-11月我院儿科下呼吸道感染患儿出院病历共708份,统计分析抗菌药物使用情况。结果：我院儿科下呼吸道感染住院患儿抗菌药物使用率99.9%（707/708）,均为静脉滴注给药,联合用药率为52.5%（372/708）,换药率为16.2%（115/708）,2.1%（15/708）患儿无指征换药。红霉素、头孢硫脒、头孢呋辛钠用药频次居前三位,使用率分别为52.7%（373/708）、26.3%（186/708）、23.6%（167/708）。联合用药以红霉素＋β-内酰胺类抗菌药物为主。结论：我院儿科下呼吸道感染抗菌药物应用在用药指征、联合用药、给药途径、给药频次、药物更换等方面存在不合理情况,应加强抗菌药物合理应用的监管,促进临床合理用药。     

Increasing nodal vulnerability and nodal efficiency implied recovery time prolonging in patients with supplementary motor area syndrome

Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a surgery‐related complication that commonly occurs after removing SMA glioma, and needs weeks to recover. However, susceptible factors of patients suffering from SMA syndrome remain unknown. Graphic theory was applied to reveal topological properties of sensorimotor network (SMN) by processing resting‐state functional magnetic resonance images in 66 patients with SMA gliomas. Patients were classified into SMA and non‐SMA groups based on whether they suffered from SMA syndrome. We collected recovery time and used causal mediation analysis to find association between topological properties and recovery time. Compared with the non‐SMA group, higher vulnerability (left: p = .0018; right: p = .0033) and lower fault tolerance (left: p = .0022; right: p = .0248) of the whole SMN were found in the SMA group. Moreover, higher nodal properties of lesional‐hemispheric cingulate cortex (nodal efficiency: left, p = .0389; right, p = .0169; nodal vulnerability: left, p = .0185; right, p = .0085) and upper limb region of primary motor cortex (PMC; nodal efficiency: left, p = .0132; right, p = .0001; nodal vulnerability: left, p = .0091; right, p = .0209) were found in the SMA group. Nodal efficiency and nodal vulnerability of cingulate cortex and upper limb region of PMC were important predictors for SMA syndrome occurring and recovery time prolonging. Neurosurgeons should carefully deal with upper limb region of PMC and cingulate cortex, and protect them if these two region were unnecessary to damage during SMA glioma resection.     

基于“互联网+”探索药事服务模式的问卷调查研究

目的 研究患者对"互联网+"药事服务的接受程度及未来搭建网上药事服务平台的方向,探讨"互联网+"时代下药事服务类型及模式。方法 自制调查问卷,经过三轮专家审阅后形成问卷,在省内的3家"三甲"医院对600例门诊患者发放问卷。结果 488例患者中417例（85.5%）认为药师通过互联网提供药学服务是有必要的,其中网上预约药物配送、网上药师咨询、网上用药教育、药学知识的科普及网上售药的接受程度分别为73.5%,78.2%,64.3%,70.4%,47.4%。网上药师咨询中微信（68.8%）最受中青年患者的欢迎,中老年患者偏爱电话及短信等服务。当前"互联网+"药事服务在医保报销、运营监管、物流配送等方面存在问题。结论 "互联网+"药事服务是一种值得探讨的新型服务模式,其开展需完善相关的法律法规并加强监管,为患者的权益提供保障。     

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白与冠状动脉临界病变患者FFR的相关性

目的 探讨血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）水平与冠状动脉临界病变患者血流储备分数(FFR) 的相关性及其临床意义。 方法 回顾性分析海南医学院第二附属医院2019年1月～2021年1月经冠状动脉造影检查为冠状动脉临界病变(冠状动脉狭窄程度为50%～70%) 并行FFR检查的244例患者临床资料,根据冠状动脉FFR测得值分为FFR＜0.8组(83例)和FFR≥0.8组(161例)。入选患者均于冠状动脉造影检查前检测血清NGAL、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、肌酐、血糖等指标。采用相关分析、多因素Logistic回归分析和受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）探讨NGAL与FFR的相关性。 结果 FFR＜0.8组患者血清NGAL水平明显高于FFR≥0.8组［71.93（50.12,150.45）μg/L vs34.99（24.47,50.58）μg/L,P＜0.001］,NGAL水平与FFR值呈负相关(r=0.505,P＜0.001);经多因素Logistic回归分析,NGAL是冠状动脉临界病变患者心肌缺血的独立预测因子（OR=1.029,95%CI：1.017～1.041,P＜0.001）;ROC曲线分析显示,最佳的截断点为52.51μg/L,应用FFR值=0.8作为判断冠状动脉临界病变患者有无心肌缺血的灵敏度为79.50%,特异度为73.49%。 结论 血清NGAL水平升高是冠状动脉临界病变患者FFR降低的独立危险因素,其有望成为诊断冠状动脉临界病变患者心肌有无功能性缺血的潜力生物学指标。     

Enhanced stability and nitrogen removal efficiency of Klebsiella sp. entrapped in chitosan beads applied in the domestic sewage system

Although numerous denitrifying bacteria have been isolated and characterized, their capacity is seriously compromised by traditional inoculant addition and environmental stress in open bioreactors for wastewater treatment. In this study, a biocompatible material, chitosan, was used as a carrier to immobilize a simultaneously heterotrophic nitrifying–aerobic denitrifying bacterium Klebsiella sp., KSND, for continuous nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater in an open purification tank. The results showed that immobilization had no significant effect on cell viability and was beneficial for the reproduction and adhesion of cells. The entrapped KSND exhibited a slightly higher nitrogen removal efficiency of 90.09% than that of free KSND (87.69%). Subsequently, repeated batch cultivation experiments and analysis of the effects of organic contaminants and metal ions were performed using artificial wastewater and domestic wastewater. The findings revealed that the immobilized KSND beads presented desirable biophysical properties with good mechanical stability, cell viability, and enrichment, remarkable stability in organic contaminants and metal ions, and high efficiency nitrogen removal capacity. In conclusion, the developed immobilized denitrifying bacteria system has great potential for continuous wastewater treatment in open bioreactors.

Although numerous denitrifying bacteria have been isolated and characterized, their capacity is seriously compromised by traditional inoculant addition and environmental stress in open bioreactors for wastewater treatment.     

H9N2 Influenza Whole Inactivated Virus Combined with Polyethyleneimine Strongly Enhances Mucosal and Systemic Immunity after Intranasal Immunization in Mice

Influenza whole inactivated virus (WIV) is more immunogenic and induces protective antibody responses compared with other formulations, like split virus or subunit vaccines, after intranasal mucosal delivery. Polyethyleneimine (PEI), an organic polycation, is widely used as a reagent for gene transfection and DNA vaccine delivery. Although PEI recently has demonstrated potent mucosal adjuvant activity for viral subunit glycoprotein antigens, its immune activity with H9N2 WIV is not well demonstrated. Here, mice were immunized intranasally with H9N2 WIV combined with PEI, and the levels of local respiratory tract and systemic immune responses were measured. Compared to H9N2 WIV alone, antigen-specific IgA levels in the local nasal cavity, trachea, and lung, as well as levels of IgG and its subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) in the serum, were strongly enhanced with the combination. Similarly, the activation and proliferation of splenocytes were markedly increased. In addition, PEI is superior as an H9N2 WIV delivery system due to its ability to greatly increase the viral adhesion to mucosal epithelial cells and to enhance the cellular uptake and endosomal escape of antigens in dendritic cells (DCs) and further significantly activate DCs to mature. Taken together, these results provided more insights that PEI has potential as an adjuvant for H9N2 particle antigen intranasal vaccination.     

作业成本法测算住院药房调剂服务成本

目的：通过测算医院药剂科住院药房为患者提供调剂服务的总成本和项目成本,为决策部门测算合理的药事服务收费水平,探讨对医疗服务的合理补偿机制提供数据准备和理论依据.方法：以作业成本法测算医院调剂服务项目成本.结果：住院药房处方调剂、单剂量口服摆药和非口服摆药调剂服务的单位成本分别为7.20元,0.88元和0.52元.结论：用作业成本法测算住院药房调剂服务成本,为药事服务费提供一种测算方法和思路,体现药学技术人员专业服务的劳动技术价值.     

Peripheral blood lymphocyte telomere length as a predictor of response to immunosuppressive therapy in childhood aplastic anemia

Predicting the response to immunosuppressive therapy could provide useful information to help the clinician define treatment strategies for patients with aplastic anemia. In our current study, we evaluated the relationship between telomere length of lymphocytes at diagnosis and the response to immunosuppressive therapy in 64 children with aplastic anemia, using flow fluorescence in situ hybridization. Median age of patients was ten years (range 1.5–16.2 years). Severity of the disease was classified as very severe in 23, severe in 21, and moderate in 20 patients. All patients were enrolled in multicenter studies using antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine. The response rate to immunosuppressive therapy at six months was 52% (33 of 64). The probability of 5-year failure-free survival and overall survival were 56% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41–69%) and 97% (95%CI: 87–99%), respectively. Median telomere length in responders was −0.4 standard deviation (SD) (−2.7 to +3.0 SD) and −1.5 SD (−4.0 to +1.6 (SD)) in non-responders (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that telomere length shorter than −1.0 SD (hazard ratio (HR): 22.0; 95%CI: 4.19–115; P<0.001), platelet count at diagnosis less than 25×10⁹/L (HR: 13.9; 95%CI: 2.00–96.1; P=0.008), and interval from diagnosis to immunosuppressive therapy longer than 25 days (HR: 4.81; 95%CI: 1.15–20.1; P=0.031) were the significant variables for poor response to immunosuppressive therapy. Conversely to what has been found in adult patients, measurement of the telomere length of lymphocytes at diagnosis is a promising assay in predicting the response to immunosuppressive therapy in children with aplastic anemia.