Role of surgical treatments in high-grade or advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Over the last 40 years, the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have continued to increase. Compared to other epithelial neoplasms in the same organ, GEP-NENs exhibit indolent biological behavior, resulting in more chances to undergo surgery. However, the role of surgery in high-grade or advanced GEP-NENs is still controversial. Surgery is associated with survival improvement of well-differentiated high-grade GEP-NENs, whereas poorly differentiated GEP-NENs that may benefit from resection require careful selection based on Ki67 and other tissue biomarkers. Additionally, surgery also plays an important role in locally advanced and metastatic disease. For locally advanced GEP-NENs, isolated major vascular involvement is no longer an absolute contraindication. In the setting of metastatic GEP-NENs, radical intended surgery is recommended for patients with low-grade and resectable metastases. For unresectable metastatic disease, a variety of surgical approaches, including cytoreduction of liver metastasis, liver transplantation, and surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, show survival benefits. Primary tumor resection in GEP-NENs with unresectable metastatic disease is associated with symptom control, prolonged survival, and improved sensitivity toward systemic therapies. Although there is no established neoadjuvant or adjuvant strategy, increasing attention has been given to this emerging research area. Some studies have reported that neoadjuvant therapy effectively reduces tumor burden, improves the effectiveness of subsequent surgery, and decreases surgical complications.     

Cardiac Denervation for Arrhythmia Treatment with Transesophageal Ultrasonic Strategy in Canine Models

Stellate ganglion (SG) modification has been investigated for arrhythmia treatment. In this study, transesophageal SG imaging and intervention were explored using a homemade 30F integrated focused ultrasonic catheter in healthy mongrel canines in vivo. Anatomic details of SGs were ultrasonically imaged and evaluated. SG had a heterogeneous echoic structure and characteristic profiles sketched by hyper-echoic outlines in an ultrasonogram. Left SGs in the experimental group were successfully ablated through the esophagus under ultrasonic guidance provided by the catheter itself. Two weeks after the ablation, the QT and QTc of the experimental group decreased compared with those of the sham group and at baseline (both p values < 0.001). Histologic examination revealed that left SGs were destroyed. No major complications were observed. This approach may be further explored as a method for ganglia remodeling evaluation and as a strategy of ganglia modification for arrhythmia and for other diseases.     

赤灵芝的致突变性试验

使用赤灵芝的水提取液、乙醇（３０％）提取液进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核和雄小鼠精子畸变等三种致突变试验。剂量为１０００μｇ．皿＾－１和５０００μｇ／皿＾－１的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复试验的结果为阴性。小鼠在服用７５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的水提取液或２５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的醇提取液时，微核试验和精子畸变试验结果均为阴性。     

Availability of elements in leaded/unleaded automobile exhausts,a leaded paint,a soil,and some mixtures

The availabilities of elements in some dust proximal sources of urban pollution were investigated. The sources were: leaded and unleaded automobile exhaust; leaded dry paint; one soil; and mixtures that included the leaded exhaust as a common component. A miniaturized modified Tessier et al. leaching scheme was developed that showed little redistribution of the most available elements. Mn, Pb, S, and Sb were the most readily available in both the leaded and unleaded exhaust; C and Pb in the paint; and Mn and S in the soil. The available elements for the leaded exhaust predominated in its mixtures with evidence of redistributions for the three-component mixture. The environmental pollution (EP) toxicity procedure with five leachings was shown to be approximately equivalent to adding the water-soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, iron/manganese oxide, and part of the organic fractions. Simulated acid rainwater leached elements up to the iron/manganese oxide fraction. The results have application to storm runoff and acid rain leaching of dusts, aerosols, wastes, and soils.     

益气化瘀法治疗糖尿病皮肤溃疡38例临床观察

糖尿病皮肤溃疡是外科常见病、多发病，因其反复发作，长期不愈，形成顽固性难愈性溃疡，愈后又极易复发，少数尚有癌变可能，所以严重影响了患者的身心健康及生命质量。西医多集中在控制血糖、抗感染、外用生长因子、外科清创术及植皮术等治疗措施上，虽然有一定的疗效，但是却缺乏安全有效加速创面愈合的积极措施。我们采用益气化瘀法为主治疗糖尿病溃疡，可以明显促进与加速创面愈合，减少疤痕形成，提高愈合质量。1993年10月～2002年12月共收治38例糖尿病皮肤溃疡患者，取得了较好的疗效。现报道如下。     

Change in chromatogram patterns after volatilization of some aroclors, and the associated quantitation problems

PCBs with the highest vapor pressures (fewest chlorines) in Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254 and 1268 were enriched in the vapor phase relative to the original Aroclor during volatilization from a glass surface for up to 8 hr. PCBs with the lowest vapor pressures (most highly chlorinated) were enriched in the corresponding residue. Thus, visual matching of gas chromatograms with those of Aroclor standards may not be sufficient to identify a specific Aroclor since the past history of a sample is often unknown. The enrichment also was detected using isomeric classes, but not using total chlorine content. The perchlorination method and the Webb-McCall method using all chromatographic peaks agreed quantitatively; this was not always so for the NIOSH multiple peaks and the Webb-McCall methods.     

高脂饮食诱导的内脏肥胖小鼠模型存在性别差异

目的:比较不同性别BALB/c小鼠采用高脂饮食建立肥胖模型的差异。方法:32只4周龄无特定病原体级BALB/c小鼠（雌雄各半）随机分为雌性对照组、雌性高脂组、雄性对照组和雄性高脂组,每组8只。雌性对照组和雄性对照组采用普通饮食,雌性高脂组和雄性高脂组采用高脂饲料喂养,喂养12周后测量小鼠体重、内脏脂肪比、空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血脂、代谢相关激素水平,并采用16S rRNA测序检测小鼠粪便菌群构成。结果:高脂饮食干预导致雄性小鼠体重和内脏脂肪比明显增加,病理表现为单个脂肪面积明显增大,肝脏脂肪滴堆积,总胆固醇、空腹血糖、口服糖耐量试验时间-血糖曲线下面积以及血清胰岛素水平明显上升（均P<0.05）,并出现明显胰岛素抵抗（P<0.01）。而雌性高脂组体重、内脏脂肪比、血清胰岛素和瘦素水平与雌性对照组差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。高脂干预后小鼠肥胖相关肠道菌群相对丰度显著变化并存在性别差异,其中雄性高脂组肥胖相关菌属（如布劳特菌）相对丰度明显增加,菌群结构变化更明显。结论:高脂饮食喂养12周4周龄BALB/c雄性小鼠可稳定建立以内脏脂肪堆积、代谢功能紊乱和肠道菌群变...     

激活Wnt/β-catenin通路促进肝癌细胞上皮间充质转化

探讨丝氨酸精氨酸蛋白激酶1（SRPK1）对肝癌细胞株HepG2上皮间充质转化（EMT）的作用。方法 通过Ualcan及TIMER 2.0数据库分析SRPK1 mRNA在肝细胞癌（LIHC）与正常样本、配对癌旁样本之间的表达差异,与生存时间、临床分期、病理分期、TP53变异、人种、性别、年龄、体重等临床资料的关系。用HPA数据库的免疫组化数据验证SRPK1蛋白在LIHC组织及正常对照间的表达差异。构建SRPK1过表达及抑表达的HepG2细胞,并根据SRPK1表达差异分为SRPK1组及对照的Vector组,shRNA组及对照的Scramble组。Western blot检测4组细胞株SRPK1的蛋白水平。Western Blot、免疫荧光检测EMT分子标记物E-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白表达差异。核浆蛋白分离比较细胞β-catenin入核程度的变化。GEPIA2数据库分析在LIHC组织中SRPK1与Wnt/β-catenin通路下游基因Twist、MYC、MMP9的相关性,Real-time PCR验证SRPK1对Twist、MYC、MMP 9表达的影响。结果 SRPK1表达在LIHC组织中表达显著高于正常对照及配对癌旁样本（P＜0.05）,随疾病分期及病理分级增加而增加（P＜0.05）,高表达SRPK1组总生存期低于低表达组（P=0.035）,LIHC患者TP53突变组SRPK1表达高于非突变组（P＜0.05）,在不同种族、性别、年龄、体重间无差别（P＞0.05）。SRPK1过表达HepG2细胞E-cadherin表达下降,Vimentin表达增加（P＜0.05）;抑表达细胞E-cadherin增加,Vimentin下降（P＜0.05）。SRPK1在LIHC组织中分别与Twist、MYC、MMP9表达呈正相关性（P＜0.05）;SRPK1过表达细胞β-catenin蛋白在细胞核中表达增加（P＜0.05）,Twist、MYC、MMP9表达增加（P＜0.05）;反之,抑表达细胞β-catenin在细胞核中表达下降（P＜0.05）,Twist、MYC、MMP9表达减少（P＜0.05）。结论 SRPK1可能通过Wnt/β-catenin通路促进HepG2细胞EMT活化     

The use of urine proteomic and metabonomic patterns for the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis and bacterial cystitis

The advent of systems biology approaches that have stemmed from the sequencing of the human genome has led to the search for new methods to diagnose diseases. While much effort has been focused on the identification of disease-specific biomarkers, recent efforts are underway toward the use of proteomic and metabonomic patterns to indicate disease. We have developed and contrasted the use of both proteomic and metabonomic patterns in urine for the detection of interstitial cystitis (IC). The methodology relies on advanced bioinformatics to scrutinize information contained within mass spectrometry (MS) and high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectral patterns to distinguish IC-affected from non-affected individuals as well as those suffering from bacterial cystitis (BC). We have applied a novel pattern recognition tool that employs an unsupervised system (self-organizing-type cluster mapping) as a fitness test for a supervised system (a genetic algorithm). With this approach, a training set comprised of mass spectra and 1H-NMR spectra from urine derived from either unaffected individuals or patients with IC is employed so that the most fit combination of relative, normalized intensity features defined at precise m/z or chemical shift values plotted in n-space can reliably distinguish the cohorts used in training. Using this bioinformatic approach, we were able to discriminate spectral patterns associated with IC-affected, BC-affected, and unaffected patients with a success rate of approximately 84%.