支架术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的　观察支架术治疗颈动脉狭窄的近期疗效 ,探讨临床应用中的相关问题。方法　将临床经颈部B超、脑血管造影确诊的颈动脉狭窄患者 10 8例 ,实施颈动脉支架术 ,15例行预扩张 ,12例后扩张成形 ,9例使用滤器装置 ,围手术期给予抗血小板聚集等治疗。结果　 2例手术失败 ;术后 2例发生脑出血 ,1例脑栓塞 ,1例支架内血栓形成 ,除 1例脑出血死亡外 ,3例治疗后恢复 ;1～ 6个月的随访中 ,10 5例患者无复发。手术并发症发生率低 ,近期疗效满意。结论　颈动脉狭窄段支架术治疗颈动脉狭窄具有可行性 ,近期疗效肯定 ,是临床上有推广潜力的治疗颈动脉狭窄的方法 ,但远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

糖皮质激素联合抗凝在急性/亚急性重症颅内静脉血栓治疗中的探索

目的 本研究初步探讨糖皮质激素联合抗凝治疗在急性/亚急性重症颅内静脉血栓(cerebral venous thrombosis, CVT)中的作用。方法 纳入10例经过糖皮质激素联合抗凝治疗的急性/亚急性重症CVT患者,对治疗前后及出院3个月时的神经功能缺损、颅内压增高情况和血清、脑脊液炎症指标及不良事件进行回顾性分析。结果 10例患者经过糖皮质激素冲击治疗后2周,与入院时基线值相比,血清中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR)(P<0.05),超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein, hs-CRP)(P<0.01),白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)(P<0.01)和脑脊液IL-6浓度(P<0.01)均明显下降;与入院时基线值相比,出院时改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评分(P<0.01)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中评分(National Institutes of Health Stroke ...     

人工肱骨头置换与肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的近期临床疗效分析

[摘要] 目的 对比分析人工肱骨头置换术和肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析本院骨科2012年1月~2014年6月采用人工肱骨头置换术和肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗的老年（年龄>65岁）NeerⅢ、Ⅳ部分肱骨近端骨折患者54例，人工肱骨头置换治疗（置换组）30例，肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗（内固定组）24例。比较分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、随访Neer评分及Constant-Murley评分来评定两组临床疗效。结果 两组随访时间相仿，平均随访时间为19.5个月（12~36个月）。内固定组手术时间（101±13）分钟，术中出血量（237.9±32.4）mL，Neer评分（82.5±3.2），Constant-Murley评分（71.7±5.0）；置换组手术时间（98±11）分钟，术中出血量（246.0±39.8）mL，Neer评分（82.9±4.5），Constant-Murley评分（73.5±5.0）。两组手术时间、术中出血量、随访Neer及Constant-Murley评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。内固定组有1例出现肩关节半脱位，肱骨头置换组有2例出现肩关节半脱位，通过三角巾悬吊后关节脱位均得到纠正。有1例四部分骨折患者，行内固定术后出现内固定松动、肱骨头坏死，改行人工肱骨头置换术。结论 人工肱骨头置换术和肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端复杂骨折的近期临床疗效相似，对不可修复的肱骨近端骨折宜行肱骨头置换术。     

Long‐term outcome of cerebral amyloid angiopathy‐related hemorrhage

ObjectThe long‐term functional outcome of cerebral amyloid angiopathy‐related hemorrhage (CAAH) patients is unclear. We sought to assess the long‐term functional outcome of CAAH and determine the prognostic factors associated with unfavorable outcomes.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive CAAH patients from 2014 to 2020 in this observational study. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were presented. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with long‐term outcome.ResultsAmong the 141 CAAH patients, 76 (53.9%) achieved favorable outcomes and 28 (19.9%) of them died at 1‐year follow‐up. For the longer‐term follow‐up with a median observation time of 19.0 (interquartile range, 12.0–26.5) months, 71 (50.4%) patients obtained favorable outcomes while 33 (23.4%) died. GCS on admission (OR, 0.109; 95% CI, 0.021–0.556; p = 0.008), recurrence of ICH (OR, 2923.687; 95% CI, 6.282–1360730.14; p = 0.011), WML grade 3–4 (OR, 31.007; 95% CI, 1.041–923.573; p = 0.047), severe central atrophy (OR, 4220.303; 95% CI, 9.135–1949674.84; p = 0.008) assessed by CT was identified as independent predictors for long‐term outcome.InterpretationNearly 50% of CAAH patients achieved favorable outcomes at long‐term follow‐up. GCS, recurrence of ICH, WML grade and cerebral atrophy were identified as independent prognostic factors of long‐term outcome.     

Normobaric hyperoxia plays a neuroprotective role after cerebral ischemia by maintaining the redox homeostasis and the level of connexin43 in astrocytes

IntroductionAcute cerebral ischemia is caused by an insufficient blood supply to brain tissue. Oxygen therapy, which is able to aid diffusion to reach the ischemic region, has been regarded as a possible treatment for cerebral ischemia. Recent animal and pilot clinical studies have reported that normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) showed neuroprotective effects if started soon after the onset of stroke. However, little is known about the role and mechanism of NBO treatment in astrocytes. Connexin43, one of the main gap junction proteins in astrocytes, is extremely sensitive to hypoxia and oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia.AimsIn the present study, we used sutures to develop an ischemia/reperfusion model in rats to mimic clinical recanalization and investigated the role of connexin43 in NBO‐treated stroke rats, as well as the underlying mechanism of NBO therapy.ResultsNormobaric hyperoxia treatment maintained the homeostasis of oxidoreductases: glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and NADPH oxidase 4 (two important oxidoreductases) and rescued the ischemia/reperfusion‐induced downregulation of connexin43 protein in astrocytes. Furthermore, NBO treatment attenuated cerebral ischemia‐induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and was involved in neuroprotective effects by regulating the GPX4 and connexin43 pathway, using Ferrostatin‐1 (an activator of GPX4) or Gap27 (an inhibitor of connexin43).ConclusionsThis study showed the neuroprotective effects of NBO treatment by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the level of connexin43 in astrocytes, which could be used for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.     

美洛西林钠与卡络磺钠在5%葡萄糖注射液中配伍稳定性考察

目的:考察室温(25℃)下注射用美洛西林钠与注射用卡络磺钠在5%葡萄糖注射液中的配伍稳定性。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法-二极管阵列检测器分别测定美洛西林钠与卡络磺钠在5%葡萄糖注射液中配伍后0～4 h内的含量及pH变化,并观察配伍液的外观变化。结果:4 h内注射用美洛西林钠与注射用卡络磺钠在5%葡萄糖注射液中配伍液外观、pH及含量均无明显变化。结论:在室温(25℃)下,注射用美洛西林钠与注射用卡络磺钠在5%葡萄糖注射液中4 h内配伍稳定。     

口服补液盐治疗急性直立不耐受患儿的疗效及对生活质量的影响

目的:探讨口服补液盐对急性直立不耐受患儿生活质量的影响。方法:选取2012年2月至2016年8月我院诊治的儿童急性直立不耐受患儿78例,根据随机抽签原则分为观察组和对照组各39例,对照组患儿给予常规治疗,观察组患儿在常规治疗基础上给予口服补液盐治疗,两组患儿均完成治疗并观察3个月。结果:观察组有效率97.4%(38/39),高于对照组的84.6%(33/39),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.781,P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗后直立倾斜实验阳性反应时间均长于治疗前,且观察组长于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组家庭生活、同伴交往、生活环境、自我认知、躯体情感评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:口服补液盐治疗儿童急性直立不耐受能提高治疗效果,增加直立倾斜实验阳性反应时间,有利于患儿生活质量的改善,有很好的应用价值。     

乳酸杆菌对新生鼠和成年鼠辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2平衡及肺树突状细胞表型的影响

目的：探讨乳酸杆菌对新生鼠和成年鼠辅助性T细胞（Th）1/Th2平衡及肺树突状细胞表型（DC）的影响。方法：新生鼠从出生后连续7 d每天经口给予109 CFU/mL浓度乳酸杆菌10 μL,成年鼠选取满6周的小鼠连续7 d每天经口给予109 CFU/mL浓度乳酸杆菌50 μL,实验第8天进行盲肠内容物培养以确定乳酸杆菌肠道定植情况。干预3周后,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清干扰素（IFN）-γ、白细胞介素（IL）-4和IL-10,流式细胞仪检测肺树突状细胞亚型和成熟度。结果：（1）乳酸杆菌干预的新生鼠乳酸杆菌数量较对照组增加,而肠球菌和肠杆菌数量降低（P<0.01）,乳酸杆菌干预的成年鼠肠道乳酸杆菌数量明显增加（P<0.01）,但肠道肠球菌和肠杆菌数量没有变化。（2）乳酸杆菌干预的新生鼠IFN-γ和IL-10水平较对照组高（P<0.05）,IL-4水平两组比较差异无统计学意义。乳酸杆菌干预的成年鼠IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。（3）乳酸杆菌干预的新生鼠肺CD11c+CD8α－水平为92.34%±0.94%,较对照组降低（P<0.05）;同时干预组CD11c+CD8α+水平较对照组增加（P<0.05）。经过乳酸杆菌干预后,新生鼠肺部14.03%±1.14%的DC表达MHCⅡ类分子,较对照组明显增加。成年鼠乳酸杆菌干预组CD11c+CD8α－、CD11c+CD8α+和CD11c+MHCⅡ+水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：乳酸杆菌干预可以促进新生鼠Th1/Th2平衡向Th1方向偏移,而对成年鼠没有影响。     

Ultrasound-Based Carotid Plaque Characteristics Help Predict New Cerebral Ischemic Lesions after Endarterectomy

The aim of this study was to identify the ultrasound-based carotid plaque characteristics associated with new cerebral ischemic lesions after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Between January 2013 and December 2018, carotid duplex ultrasound was performed in 1061 patients who underwent CEA. Brain magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed pre-operatively and within 30 d after CEA. New cerebral ischemic lesions on DWI were observed in 169 patients. The cutoff value gray-scale median (GSM) used to distinguish DWI-positive from DWI-negative patients was 30.5, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.837. A larger proportion of multiple DWI lesions were observed in the GSM ≤30.5 group (59.5% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.030). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified GSM ≤30.5, ulcerated carotid plaques and pre-operative ischemic symptoms as predictors of post-operative cerebral DWI lesions. Our results indicate that ultrasound-based carotid plaque characteristics help predict new cerebral ischemic lesions after CEA.     

The efficacy and safety of Batroxobin in combination with anticoagulation on cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon subtype of stroke with highly variable clinical presentation. Although anticoagulation with heparin and/or warfarin remains the standard treatment for CVST, treatment failure is still common. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Batroxobin in combination with anticoagulation on CVST control. In this retrospective study, a total of 61 CVST patients were enrolled and divided into Batroxobin (n?=?23) and control (n?=?38) groups. In addition to the same standard anticoagulation in control, patients in the treatment group received Batroxobin 5 BU intravenous infusion (10 BU for the first time) every other day, for a total of three infusions. A higher recanalization rate was found in Batroxobin group (adjusted OR [95% CI] of 2.5 [1.1–5.0], p?=?0.028) compared to the control group, especially in patients with high levels of fibrinogen (adjusted OR [95% CI] of 4.7 [1.4–16.7], p?=?0.015). Statistically significant differences between the two groups were seen regarding the levels of thrombin time, fibrinogen and d-dimer at each cut-off time point (all p?<?0.01). Compared with baseline, NIHSS scores at discharge showed significant improvement in the Batroxobin group [0(0, 4.25)–5(2, 11), p?=?0.036]. No significant difference in mRS scores was found between the two groups at discharge or at 6-month outpatient follow-up (all p?>?0.05). Additionally, Batroxobin did not increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. We conclude that Batroxobin is a potentially safe and effective adjunct therapeutic agent promoting CVST recanalization especially in patients with high level of fibrinogen.