新发蜱媒传染病的国内外研究概况

蜱是一些人兽共患病的传播媒介和储存宿主,蜱媒传染病是虫媒传染病的重要组成部分。本文就国内外新发蜱媒传染病及其病原体研究热点进行扼要概述。     

2型糖尿病免疫炎症的初步探讨

目的:检测2型糖尿病患者外周血Th1/Th2淋巴细胞及血清高敏c-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的水平,以探讨免疫炎症与2型糖尿病的关系.方法:运用三色荧光标记法流式细胞术检测外周血中Th1/Th2淋巴细胞,用ELISA法测定hs-crp.结果:①2型糖尿病患者Th1数,Th1/Th2比值与正常对照组相比明显降低(P＜0.01),Th2数与正常对照组无明显差异.2型糖尿病患者外周血Th1淋巴细胞和HbA1c呈负相关关系(r=-0.688,P＜0.01).②2型糖尿病患者血清hs-CRP与正常对照组相比明显升高(P＜0.05).糖尿病患者血清hs-CRP浓度与胰岛素敏感性指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.38,P＜0.01),与甘油三酯(r=0.33,P＜0.05)、体重指数(r=0.42,P＜0.05)和空腹血糖(r=0.46,P＜0.05)有正相关关系.结论:2型糖尿病患者存在Th1/Th2淋巴细胞的失衡,血清hs-CRP水平与胰岛素抵抗程度有显著正相关,免疫炎症可能参与了2型糖尿病的发病.     

Initiating Characteristics of Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Patients

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered to affect mainly the elderly; however, the age at diagnosis has gradually reduced in recent years. Although the incidence of young-onset T2DM is increasing, it is still not fully clear the onset characteristics and risk factors of early-onset T2DM. The aim of this study was to describe the initiating characteristics of early-onset T2DM in Chinese patients and evaluate the risk factors for diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

This cross-sectional controlled study was performed using a questionnaire survey method in outpatients of multiple centers in China. A total of 1545 patients with T2DM with an age at onset of <40 years were included, and the control group consisted of subjects aged <40 years with normal blood glucose level.

Results:

In patients with young-onset T2DM, the mean age and initial hemoglobin 1Ac at diagnosis were 32.96 ± 5.40 years and 9.59 ± 2.71%, respectively. Most of the patients were obese, followed irregular diet pattern and sedentary lifestyle, had life or work pressure, and had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Compared with subjects with normal blood glucose level, logistic regression analysis showed that waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio [OR] 446.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.37–4714.87), family history of diabetes mellitus (OR 23.46, CI 14.47–38.03), dyslipidemia (OR 2.65, CI 1.54–4.56), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, CI 1.00–1.04), and body mass index (OR 0.95, CI 0.92–0.99) are independent factors for early-onset T2DM.

Conclusions:

We observed that abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, and medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for early-onset T2DM. It is, therefore, necessary to apply early lifestyle intervention in young people with risk of diabetes mellitus.     

Oxidative stress in Graves' disease patients and antioxidant protection against lymphocytes DNA damage in vitro

DNA damage to peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with Graves' disease (GD) was studied in vitro before and after treatment with antioxidants, melatonin, quercetin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin C. DNA damage (comet %) was remarkably higher in patients (23.7 +/- 5.5%) than that in healthy persons (9.8 +/- 3.2%, p < 0.01). Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content (7.90 +/- 1.77 microM) of patients was significantly higher than that of healthy persons (4.71 +/- 1.19 microM, p < 0.01). Also, the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (7.53 +/- 1.35 U/ml) in GD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy persons (10.56 +/- 2.21 U/ml, p < 0.01). Negative correlations were observed between plasma TAC and DNA damage in lymphocytes (r = -0.599, p < 0.01), and between plasma TAC and MDA (r = -0.40, p < 0.05) in GD patients. After treatment with 100 microM melatonin, quercetin or NAC for 4 h in vitro, DNA damage in lymphocytes in GD patients declined significantly (from 23.8 +/- 4.4% to 14.4 +/- 4.0%, p < 0.001 for melatonin, from 23.4 +/- 4.7% to 18.1 +/- 4.3%, p < 0.01 for quercetin, from 23.7 +/- 4.0% to 18.7 +/- 5.7%, p < 0.05 for NAC), while there was little change with concentrations of 1-100 microM of vitamin C. However, 1000 microM vitamin C enhanced DNA damage significantly (from 23.8 +/- 2.3% to 30.3 +/- 3.9%, p < 0.05). Our results showed that oxidative stress existed in GD patients and the antioxidants melatonin, quercetin and NAC are beneficial for DNA damage in lymphocytes of GD patients in vitro.     

Identification and validation of a 21-mRNA prognostic signature in diffuse lower-grade gliomas

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - Diffuse low-grade and intermediate-grade gliomas, also known as lower-grade gliomas (LGGs), are a class of central nervous system tumors. Overall survival varies greatly...     

玫瑰花茶对产后抑郁的治疗作用

目的:探讨玫瑰花茶对产后抑郁的治疗作用。方法:选择2008年2~12月在金山医院分娩的产妇于产后2周进行EPDS评分及总体评估,将EPDS≥13分且符合条件的产后抑郁患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给予玫瑰花茶15 g/d泡水饮,于产后4、8、12周分别进行随访,记录并比较两组的EPDS评分及相关临床症状。结果:共179例患者纳入研究,治疗组89例,对照组90例。两组的年龄、学历、职业构成、家庭收入、孕周、分娩方式、胎次及EPDS评分差异均无统计学意义。治疗组8、12周的EPDS评分均显著低于对照组(P=0.013 4,P<0.01);治疗组少乳、无乳及失眠的阳性率均显著低于对照组(P=0.044 8,P=0.000 8);治疗组乳房肿块、便秘、厌食、疲倦乏力的阳性率也低于对照组,但无统计学意义。结论:玫瑰花茶能够降低产后抑郁患者的EPDS评分,并不同程度减轻相关症状。     

宫腔镜联合超声检查诊断149例绝经后妇女宫内病变临床分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜联合超声检查对绝经后妇女宫腔内病变的诊断价值。方法:应用宫腔镜联合超声检查对149例绝经后妇女宫腔内病变进行检查,术前均行超声,术中定位取材或诊断性刮宫术。结果:在149例病例中,宫腔镜联合超声检查诊断黏膜下肌瘤20例,与病理诊断符合率100.0%;子宫内膜息肉49例,与病理诊断符合率100.0%;萎缩性内膜炎31例,与病理诊断符合率81.6%;子宫内膜增生13例,与病理诊断符合率61.9%;子宫内膜癌13例,与病理诊断符合率92.9%。结论:对绝经后子宫内膜病变的病因诊断中,宫腔镜联合超声检查提高了子宫内膜息肉及黏膜下肌瘤的诊断率。对子宫内膜增生症和子宫内膜癌的诊断,因可以镜下定位诊刮,亦提高了诊断率。宫腔镜联合超声检查对宫内病变的诊断率及治疗具有重要的诊断价值,值得推广应用。     

The proliferation,differentiation, and mineralization effects of puerarin on osteoblasts in vitro

AIM： Osteoblasts are key functional cells in the process of bone metabolic balance. Phytoestrogens have an important influence on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Puerarin, a plant estrogen, has a wide range concentration in vitro on the func- tion of osteoblasts. The current study investigates the effect of the phytoestrogen puerarin on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro. METHODS： The calvaria bone of eight-ten Wistar rats which were born within 24 h were obtained in aseptic condition. After en- zyme digestion, isolation, purified osteoblasts of rats were cultured for further study. The cells of the first to third generation were divided into a control group and a puerarin-treated group with 10^-3-10^-10mol.L^-1 puerarin. The cells were exposed to the medium containing a low level of carbohydrates, 10% （V/V） FBS for 24 h. After 1 to 4 days of culture, the OD values on the proliferation of osteoblasts in each group were determined by microplate reader. The cells were cultured in the medium containing 50 μg.mL^-1 vi- tamin C, 10^-2mol.L^-1 sodium glycerophosphate, 10% FBS and the medium was changed every 3 to 4 days. After 2 to 8 days of culture, expression of alkaline phosphatase were tested and compared by microplate reader. The mineral nodes of osteoblasts were dyed using alizarin red or improved Von Kossa way after four weeks. RESULTS： Compared with those in the 10^-5-10^- 9 mol.L^-1~ puerarin, the proliferation of osteoblasts, the expression of alkaline phosphatase, and the number of mineral nodes of osteoblasts were significantly decreased in the control group. The increase was the fastest in the third day, while on the fourth day it was decreased, and arrived at statistical significance compared with the alka- line phosphatase activities and control group. The 10 6 mol.L ^-1 group was the most distinct, and formed the most mineralized no- dule. Compared with the 10.3 mol.L^-1 puerarin group, those changes were markedly increased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS： Puerarin has proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization effects on osteoblasts in a dose-dependent man- ner, and has a double-way effect on the osteoblasts in vitro. A low-dose showed positive effects on the development of osteoblasts, and high-dose puerarin could inhibit the formation of bone.     

Surgical management and long-term outcomes of primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma: a case series and review of literature

Neurosurgical Review - Primary intracranial leiomyosarcomas (PILMSs) are extremely rare neoplasms, and their management remains unclear. The authors aimed to enunciate the radiological features and...