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排序方式: 共有1610条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
Paul Wan Sia Heng Tin Wui Wong Wai See Cheong 《European journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2003,19(5):381-393
The melt agglomeration process of lactose powder with hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCO) as the hydrophobic meltable binder was investigated by studying the physicochemical properties of molten HCO modified by sucrose stearates S170, S770 and S1570. The size, size distribution, micromeritic and adhesion properties of agglomerates as well as surface tension, contact angle, viscosity and specific volume of molten HCO, with and without sucrose stearates, were examined. The viscosity, specific volume and surface tension of molten HCO were found to be modified to varying extents by sucrose stearates which are available in different HLB values and melt properties. The growth of melt agglomerates was promoted predominantly by an increase in viscosity, an increase in specific volume or a decrease in surface tension of the molten binding liquid. The agglomerate growth propensity was higher with an increase in inter-particulate binding strength, agglomerate surface wetness and extent of agglomerate consolidation which enhanced the liquid migration from agglomerate core to periphery leading to an increased surface plasticity for coalescence. The inclusion of high concentrations of completely meltable sucrose stearate S170 greatly induced the growth of agglomerates through increased specific volume and viscosity of the molten binding liquid. On the other hand, the inclusion of incompletely meltable sucrose stearates S770 and S1570 promoted the agglomeration mainly via the reduction in surface tension of the molten binding liquid with declining agglomerate growth propensity at high sucrose stearate concentrations. In addition to being an agglomeration modifier, sucrose stearate demonstrated anti-adherent property in melt agglomeration process. The properties of molten HCO and melt agglomerates were dependent on the type and concentration of sucrose stearate added. 相似文献
3.
Interferon for non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We reviewed randomised clinical trials evaluating the effect of lymphoblastoid or recombinant alpha-interferon in non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. The outcomes assessed were the rates of serum alanine aminotransferase normalization and relapse during and after stopping interferon. Data were pooled by meta-analysis and a 50% overall rate difference, favouring treated patients, was found. Results showed homogeneity in direction of treatment effect both after short-term (2-6 months, greater than or equal to 2 mega-units thrice weekly) and long-term (9-18 months, variable dose) interferon course. Moreover, results did not change when type of publication (abstracts vs. full reports) and treatment duration or schedule were accounted for. About 50% of patients originally responding to treatment relapsed within 6 months of either dose reduction or stopping interferon, thus suggesting that only in about one out of four patients is benefit from treatment sustained up to 1 year. We conclude that larger trials are needed to identify an optimal schedule of treatment and to evaluate predictors of interferon effectiveness in patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. 相似文献
4.
You M. Lu Bu F. Lu Yu L. Yan Tin H. Yan Xiaon P. Ho Wen J. Wang 《The European journal of neuroscience》1993,5(10):1334-1338
The activation of membrane-associated phospholipase C is rapidly and transiently induced in the central nervous system by a variety of stimuli. Ischaemic brain injury is one of the situations that leads to a dramatic increase in polyphosphoinositide (PPI) turnover. In this study, stimulation of PPI hydrolysis by glutamate (500 μM) was measured in hippocampal slices from rats up to 21 days after an ischaemic insult of 30 min. Ischaemia was induced using the four-vessel occlusion method. PPI hydrolysis elicited by glutamate was significantly increased in the slices prepared from ischaemic rats 24 h after reperfusion, the accumulation of inositol phosphates (InsPs ) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3 ) was 614±74% ( n = 8) and 182±11% ( n = 9) of the basal level respectively. This potentiation was also observed 21 days after ischaemia. Hyper-responsiveness to glutamate was also accompanied by an increase in AIF− 4 -stimulated formation of [3 H]inositol phosphates. In addition, global ischaemia did not change either high-affinity [3 H]glutamate binding in hippocampal membranes or the stimulation of PPI hydrolysis by carbachol or noradrenaline in hippocampal slices. The present results suggest that the increased responsiveness to glutamate is the result, at least in part, of functional changes at the G-protein level, and may contribute to the pathophysiology of ischaemic brain injury or to the regenerative phenomena that accompany ischaemic damage. 相似文献
5.
目的:对临床确诊糖尿病患同时测定血清葡萄糖(Glu)及糖化血清蛋白(GSP)的含量,观察二的关系,以及糖化血清蛋白水平对于评价近期(2—3周)糖尿病患血糖在体内变化的临床意义进行了观察。方法:血清葡萄糖、糖化血清蛋白测定均采用酶法测定。结果:178例糖尿病患Glu、GSP均正常3l例占17.4%;Glu、GSP均增高107例占60.1%;Glu正常、GSP增高15例占8.43%;Glu增高、GSP正常25例占14%。结论:糖化血清蛋白的含量不受即时血糖的影响,二的变化不成比例性,对评价糖尿病患2~3周病情的控制是一项灵敏可靠的指标,尤其对于住院病人的治疗与监控有一定的意义。 相似文献
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8.
Day DJ; Speiser PW; Schulze E; Bettendorf M; Fitness J; Barany F; White PC 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(12):2039-2048
Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is among the most common inborn errors of
metabolism in man. Characterization of mutations in the 21- hydroxylase
gene (CYP21) has permitted genetic diagnosis, facilitated by the polymerase
chain reaction (PCR). The most common mutation is conversion of an A or C
at nt656 to a G in the second intron causing aberrant splicing of mRNA.
Homozygosity for nt656G is associated with profoundly deficient adrenal
cortisol and aldosterone synthesis, secondary hypersecretion of adrenal
androgens, and a severe form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
characterized by ambiguous genitalia and/or sodium wasting in newborns.
During the course of genetic analysis of CYP21 mutations in CAH families,
we and others have noticed a number of relatives genotyped as nt656G
homozygotes, yet showing no clinical signs of disease. A number of lines of
evidence have led us to propose that the putative asymptomatic nt656G/G
individuals are incorrectly typed due to dropout of one haplotype during
PCR amplification of CYP21. For prenatal diagnosis, we recommend that
microsatellite typing be used as a supplement to CYP21 genotyping in order
to resolve ambiguities at nt656.
相似文献
9.
Stimulating capacity of fresh and cultured human leukaemic lymphoid and myeloid cells in `one-way'' mixed lymphocyte reaction 下载免费PDF全文
Fresh normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes possess a strong stimulating capacity while fresh thymus cells or fresh peripheral T lymphocytes possess a weak, but significant stimulating capacity on allogeneic lymphocytes in `one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction. Fresh leukaemic T lymphoid cells from patients with T-cell ALL or T-cell CLL exert little or no stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes. Fresh leukaemic B lymphoid cells from patients with B-cell CLL or B-cell HCL, on the other hand, exert a lesser stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes, as compared to that of normal B lymphocytes. Leukaemic myeloblasts from patients with AML or Ph1(+) CML-BP exert significantly higher stimulation than leukaemic lymphoid cells in `one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction (P<0.05). Cultured leukaemic T lymphoid cells (MOLT-4) possess no stimulating capacity, cultured leukaemic B lymphoid cells (BALM-2) possess a moderate degree of stimulating capacity and cultured leukaemic, possibly myeloid, cells (NALM-1 and K562) possess vigorous stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes. The stimulating capacity of NALM-1 or K562 cells is significantly higher than that of BALM-2 cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05, respectively) and that of MOLT-4 cells (P<0.001). These observations suggest that the stimulating capacity of leukaemic T or B lymphoid cells may have been completely or partially lost during the process of leukaemogenesis. Since we do not have an opportunity to study the stimulating capacity of normal myeloblasts, it is not known whether the stimulating capacity of leukaemic myeloblasts, which is found to be very strong on allogeneic lymphocytes, may have been modified during the process of leukaemogenesis. 相似文献
10.
The GAP-related domain of tuberin, the product of the TSC2 gene, is a target for missense mutations in tuberous sclerosis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Maheshwar MM; Cheadle JP; Jones AC; Myring J; Fryer AE; Harris PC; Sampson JR 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(11):1991-1996
Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant trait in which the
dysregulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation results in the
development of hamartomatous growths in many organs. The TSC2 gene is one
of two genes determining tuberous sclerosis. Inactivating germline
mutations of TSC2 in patients with tuberous sclerosis and somatic loss of
heterozygosity at the TSC2 locus in the associated hamartomas indicate that
TSC2 functions as a tumour suppressor gene and that loss of function is
critical to expression of the tuberous sclerosis phenotype. The TSC2
product, tuberin, has a region of homology with the GTPase activating
protein rap1GAP and stimulates the GTPase activity of rap1a and rab5a in
vitro. Here we show that the region of homology between tuberin and human
rap1GAP and the murine GAP mSpa1 is more extensive than previously reported
and spans approximately 160 amino acid residues encoded within exons 34-38
of the TSC2 gene. Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of these
exons in 173 unrelated patients with tuberous sclerosis and direct
sequencing of variant conformers together with study of additional family
members enabled characterisation of disease associated mutations in 14
cases. Missense mutations, which occurred in exons 36, 37 and 38 were
identified in eight cases, four of whom shared the same recurrent change
P1675L. Each of the five different missense mutations identified was shown
to occur de novo in at least one sporadic case of tuberous sclerosis. The
high proportion of missense mutations detected in the region of the TSC2
gene encoding the GAP-related domain supports its key role in the
regulation of cellular growth.
相似文献