Influence of food quality and quantity on children's teeth]

Sugar and tooth decays are bound closely. The mechanisms of destruction of the tooth from the glycolyse are known. The role played by the food in the development of the caries is unique. Foods sweetened of all ways, rich in sucrose are responsible of the intervening of the carious lesions. The transformation of the fermentable sugars in lactic with the absence of hygiene and the action conjugated of the bacteria leads to tooth decays in temporary and permanent denture that evolve very quickly in the absence of treatment. Reasons for which the authors put in evidence in this survey, the influence of the food sweetened on the teeth at the children while showing the cases of caries and its complications due to the excessive consumption of fermentable hydrates of carbon.     

Replacement of deciduous incisors in children: psychological aspects]

The absence of the temporary incisors could be to a genetic illness or to some multiple premature extractions. These extractions are the aftermaths of the carious lesions or some traumatisms underwent by the temporary incisors. Beyond measure the loss of the space, the premature loss some temporary incisors very often assign the relational development of the child and disturb its psychological development and the aesthetic function. Across some cases clinics, the authors show that the replacement of the temporary incisors is the therapeutic ideal solution. Indeed, the child prosthesis, replacing the temporary absent incisors, solves the psychological, aesthetic and relational problems of the child.     

Four primary malignant tumors, including malignant melanoma and malignant lymphoma, in the same adult patient

We report an 80-year-old Japanese male with four primary malignant tumors: malignant melanoma, prostatic cancer, malignant lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma, which occurred in that respective order. The combination of malignant melanoma and malignant lymphoma is rare. The patient was treated with BCG after an operation for malignant melanoma. He was also treated with cobalt 60 irradiation after an operation for prostatic cancer. We also discuss other reports of multiple malignant tumors and suggest some possible causes of this patient's primary malignant tumors.     

Associations between components of the metabolic syndrome versus bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes

The association of bone with the metabolic syndrome and its features, visceral fat accumulation or insulin resistance, remains unclear. We determined visceral and subcutaneous fat areas (V and S) by computed tomography on 187 men (28–83 years) and 125 postmenopausal women (46–82 years) with type 2 diabetes. Men whose V was 100 cm² or more had significantly lower urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen (p = 0.005), higher femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) (p = 0.004), and lower prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) (p = 0.04) than controls. Fat mass, V, S, and lean body mass positively correlated with FN-BMD in men and with lumbar (L) and FN-BMD in women. When adjusted for weight, these correlations became negative. Urinary C-peptide positively correlated with FN-BMD in both genders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, height, weight, L-BMD, duration of diabetes, and diabetes therapies identified V in men and urinary C-peptide in women as factors inversely associated with the presence of VFs [odds ratio (OR) = 0.61 per SD increase, p = 0.04, and OR = 0.32, p = 0.01, respectively]. These findings suggest that, of the components of the metabolic syndrome, body fat in gravity and hyperinsulinemia could increase FN-BMD in diabetic subjects. Visceral fat in men and hyperinsulinemia in women may protect against VFs independent of weight, L-BMD, diabetes duration, or therapies.     

Lymphoepithelial (branchial) cyst and amylase

A case of a branchial cyst with a high amylase activity of the cyst fluid was found in a 58-year-old female. The literature on branchial cysts with high amylase activity is reviewed. Amylase that showed high activity in the cystic fluid was revealed to be due to the salivary isoenzymes (S3 and S4) which migrated more to the anodic side on electrophoresis.     

Significance of lateral biopsy specimens during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in Japanese men

OBJECTIVES: Lateral biopsies are thought to have a better cancer detection rate compared with standard sextant biopsies. This study aimed to determine whether lateral peripheral zone biopsies in Japanese men who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies provided a significantly higher cancer detection rate than sextant biopsies. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2004, data were collected from 461 men who underwent prostate biopsy and had enough data regarding the performance of lateral biopsies for statistical analysis. There were two categories in this study: (i) patients who underwent sextant prostate biopsies; and (ii) patients who underwent sextant biopsies plus lateral biopsies. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in 141 (30.6%) of 461 patients. It was detected in 24 (22.2%) of 108 patients who underwent sextant biopsies and 117 (33.1%) of 353 patients who underwent sextant plus lateral biopsies. Lateral biopsies were not associated with a statistically higher rate of positive biopsy findings; however, we found a significantly higher ratio of patients with positive findings in those with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels 10 ng/mL (one of 71, 1.4%) among those who had positive cores only in lateral biopsy samples (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral biopsies did not show a significantly higher detection ratio of prostate cancer compared to sextant biopsies. However, lateral biopsies were more effective than sextant biopsies in patients with lower PSA levels. Our findings might be useful for the establishment of biopsy strategies to detect prostate cancer, especially in patients with lower PSA levels.     

The effects of perioperative portal venous inoculation with donor lymphocytes on renal allograft survival in the rat. II. Phenotypic and functional analyses of graft-infiltrating cells

Phenotype, donor-specific cytolytic activity, and helper activity to release cytokines of cells infiltrating within renal allografts of hosts rendered unresponsive by perioperative administration of donor lymphocytes via the portal vein (p.v.) were investigated in order to analyze the mechanism of prolongation of allograft survival. Graft-infiltrating cells (GIC) were obtained from Lewis (LEW, RT-1l) hosts inoculated perioperatively with 1 x 10(8) donor Brown-Norway (BN, RT-1n) lymphocytes p.v., a group that displays prolonged renal allograft survival (MST: 22.2 +/- 5.3 days, n = 10) compared with an uninoculated control group (MST: 7.8 +/- 0.6 days, n = 10, P less than 0.01). The percentages of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (OX-8+) and Ia-positive cells (OX-6+) in GIC (23.1 +/- 4.4% and 9.0 +/- 2.0%, respectively) and in spleen cells (7.5 +/- 2.6% and 8.5 +/- 1.1%, respectively) from p.v.-inoculated LEW hosts on day 6 postgrafting were significantly lower than those of uninoculated control recipients (GIC: OX-8; 39.4 +/- 8.2%, OX-6; 23.0 +/- 1.9%. SP cell: OX-8; 21.6 +/- 9.9%, OX-6; 12.7 +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.05). Cytolytic activity of GIC from tolerant hosts on day 6 postgrafting toward donor blastoid lymphocytes was significantly decreased (19.0 +/- 1.2% at E/T = 50), compared with that from control allografts during ongoing rejection (51.5 +/- 5.3%, P less than 0.01). The amounts of in vitro cytokine production of GIC from tolerant hosts after mitogen stimulation were remarkably decreased (IL-2: 8.7 +/- 1.4 U/ml, IL-3: 15.4 +/- 0.6 U/ml, and BSF-2: 24.6 +/- 3.5 U/ml) than those of uninoculated control hosts during ongoing rejection (IL-2: 19.6 +/- 2.9 U/ml, IL-3: 22.2 +/- 2.7 U/ml, and BSF-2: 67.5 +/- 13.2 U/ml, P less than 0.05). These results demonstrated that activation of both Tc cells and Th cells was inhibited in the spleen and in situ in renal allografts following administration of donor lymphocytes through the portal vein.     

Clinical and pathological evaluations of methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin and cisplatin chemotherapy for advanced urothelial cancers

We have treated advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract with methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy since July of 1985. We analyzed the effect of that chemotherapy in 26 patients with advanced urothelial cancer who were treated in our hospital and followed up. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 patients with distant metastases. In all, 11 of them received M-VAC as adjuvant chemotherapy for metastatic lesions after surgical removal of the primary lesion, and the remaining 4 patients were not operable since they had very advanced-stage tumors; they received only M-VAC chemotherapy. Group 2 contained 11 patients who received M-VAC neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. In group 1, the overall response rate was 57.1% and the mean duration of response was 12.6 months. In the 11 patients who had received M-VAC as adjuvant therapy after surgical removal of the primary tumor, the mean duration of response was 14.1 months. After M-VAC chemotherapy, six patients underwent surgical resection of metastatic lesions and restaging was done pathologically in these cases. The clinical response coincided with the pathological response in all six cases. In group 2,5 of 11 patients experienced histological downstaging of the resected bladder. M-VAC chemotherapy combined with surgical resection of residual tumors has proved to be an effective option against advanced urothelial cancer.Presented at the 4th International Conference on Treatment of Urinary Tract Tumors with Adriamycin/Farmorubicin, 16–17 November 1990, Osaka, Japan