Clinicopathological Profile of Myelomatous Pleural Effusion: Single-center Real-world Experience and Review of Literature

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cell origin. MM primarily affects bone marrow, but extramedullary sites can also be involved. Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is an atypical and rare complication of MM. We aimed to systematically study the incidence and clinicopathologic profile of patients with MPE in a real-world setting.

Studies on the effects of Pluchea indica less root extract on gastroduodenal ulcer models in rats and guineapigs

The methanolic fraction of P. indica root extract was found to possess significant antiulcer activity in different experimental animal models. In preventive antiulcer tests, significant protective actions in acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions were observed in experimental rats. The extract also afforded significant protection to chemically-induced duodenal lesion in guineapigs. Significant enhancement of healing process in acetic acid-induced chronic gastric lesions were also observed in the extract-treated animals.     

Psychosis in epilepsy patients

Summary   Epileptic psychoses reflect a fundamental disruption in the fidelity of mind and occur during seizure freedom or during or after seizures. The psychotic symptoms in epilepsy share some qualities with schizophrenic psychosis, such as positive symptoms of paranoid delusions and hallucinations. Psychotic syndromes in epilepsy are most common but not exclusively associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. De Novo psychosis following epilepsy surgery is rare. Forced normalization—psychosis associated with dramatic reduction of epileptiform activity or seizures is described in small series only. Ictal and postictal psychosis can be prevented with seizure control, but postictal and chronic interictal psychoses require multidisciplinary and psychopharmacologic management.     

Die Akutversorgung von Brandverletzten

Burn injuries can be caused by thermal, electrical, chemical, or mechanical trauma or radiation and are relatively rare, as they represent only about 1% of all emergencies. They are caused by accidents at home, during recreational activities, or in the occupational environment. Minor burn traumas are much more common than severe burn injuries with their systemic and potentially life-threatening effects. Altogether, these circumstances may result in a lack of routine for treating such injuries properly by physicians and their colleagues in the emergency room or intensive care unit. A clearly outlined concept for preclinical and clinical treatment can be the keystone of successful further clinical progress. The following article summarizes the current guidelines for first medical aid at the injury scene, burn stabilization and assessment in the emergency room, and the interdisciplinary approach for further clinical care. The treatment of dermatologic emergencies (acute epidermolytic syndromes) or caustic injuries by chemical agents is similar to the treatment of burn victims in many aspects but must be adapted in selected cases.     

Protection Against Chemically-Induced Oxidative Gastrointestinal Tissue Injury in Rats by Bismuth Salts

Oxygen free radicals (OFR) are implicated in thepathogenesis of stress, chemically induced gastriclesions, and gastrointestinal injury. Theconcentration-dependent scavenging abilities of bismuthsubsalicylate (SBS), colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS), andselected OFR scavengers, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, mannitol, and allopurinol were examinedagainst biochemically or chemically generated superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, andhypochlorite radical plus hypochlorous acid based on achemiluminescence assay. Furthermore, both gastric (GM)and intestinal mucosa (IM) were individually exposed in vitro to these free radical generatingsystems, and the concentration-dependent protectiveabilities of SBS and CBS against lipid peroxidation (LP)were compared with selected OFR scavengers. In addition, 24-hr fasted rats were orally treated with thenecrotizing agents 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH, 80% ethanol,and aspirin (200 mg/kg). The extent of tissue injury inthe GM and IM was determined by assessing LP, DNA fragmentation, and membrane microviscosity.Dose- and time-dependent in vivo protective abilities ofCBS (100 mg/kg) and SBS (15 mg/kg) were also assessed.Following incubations with superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical generating systems in thepresence of 125 mg SBS/liter, approximately 47% and 61%inhibitions were observed in the chemiluminescenceresponse, respectively, while 48% and 46% inhibitions were observed with 125 mg CBS/liter. SBS andCBS exerted similar abilities towards hypochloriteradical plus hypochlorous acid. Approx. 3.1- and3.7-fold increases in LP were observed in the GM and IMof rats following oral administration of 0.6 MHCl. Pretreatment of the rats with SBS and CBS decreased0.6 M HCl-induced LP in the GM by approx. 39% and 27%,respectively, with similar decreases in LP in the IM. SBS exhibited better protectiveabilities towards 0.6 M HCl and 0.2 m NaOH-induced GMand IM injury as compared to CBS. SBS and CBS providedsimilar protection towards 80% ethanol-induced gastric injury, while CBS exerted a superior protectiveability towards aspirin-induced gastric injury. Theresults demonstrate that both SBS and CBS can scavengereactive oxygen species and prevent tissue damage produced by OFR.