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Termination of Living Anionic Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate with α‐(Chloromethyl)acrylate for End‐Functionalization and Application to the Evaluation of Monomer Reactivity 下载免费PDF全文
Yasuhiro Kohsaka Shoya Ishihara Tatsuki Kitayama 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》2015,216(14):1534-1539
Anionic polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) in toluene initiated with a binary initiator, isopropyl α‐lithioisobutyrate/ethylaluminum bis(2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenoxide) at ?60 °C, is terminated with ethyl α‐(chloromethyl)acrylate (ECMA) to afford a poly(nBA) possessing an acryloyl group at the terminal with 80% of termination efficiency. The reactivity of nBA against a polymer anion of methyl methacrylate formed under identical conditions is estimated relative to the termination with ECMA by reacting a mixture of nBA and ECMA followed by 1H NMR spectroscopic chain‐end analysis; the relative reactivity of nBA is found 80 times or more higher than ECMA.
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Shiromizu K Kasamatsu T Honma T Matsumoto K Shirai T Takahashi M 《The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research》1999,25(6):395-399
OBJECTIVE: To improve prognoses of patients with recurrent uterine cervical squamous-cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We clinicopathologically analyzed 464 patients with uterine cervical squamous-cell carcinoma (126 positive, 338 negative pelvic lymph-node metastasis) who were treated at the Saitama Cancer Center from January 1, 1976 to December 31, 1991. RESULTS: The recurrence rates of negative pelvic lymph-node metastasis patients were 14. 2% (39/274) in pT1b and 32.8% (21/64) in pT2b. But for positive lymph-node metastasis patients the rates were 39.0% (23/59) in pT1b and 58.2% (39/67) in pT2b. The interval to recurrence was shorter in positive pelvic lymph-node patients than in negative patients. The 5-year survival rates after relapse of negative lymph-node patients with intrapelvic, extrapelvic, and both-sites recurrence were 53, 12, and 40%, respectively. But among distant recurrent sites, lung metastasis in negative lymph-node patients and lymphatic tract metastasis brought relatively fair prognoses. CONCLUSIONS: Regular long-term checks are necessary and active retreatments are recommended for patients with local recurrences, lung metastasis, or lymphatic vessel metastatic lesions. 相似文献
5.
Kakuta H Ohsawa F Yamada S Makishima M Tai A Yasui H Yoshikawa Y 《Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin》2012,35(4):629-633
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists are reported to exhibit blood glucose-lowering action owing to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/RXR or liver X receptor (LXR)/RXR activation, but may also cause adverse effects such as blood triglyceride elevation. In order to examine the feasibility of separating the glucose-lowering action from the adverse effects, we examined the effects of RXR agonists (NEt-TMN), NEt-3IB, and NEt-3IP, which have different heterodimer-activating patterns, in KKA(y) type 2 diabetes model mice. We found that NEt-3IB induced lower degrees of hepatomegaly and blood triglyceride (TG) elevation than the other RXR agonists, even though all of them showed similar blood glucose-lowering action on repeated administration. These findings indicate that structural modification of RXR agonists is a potentially effective strategy to reduce adverse effects while retaining desired activities. 相似文献
6.
A rare case of cecal volvulus in cerebral palsy that was preoperatively diagnosed and surgically treated without complications
is herein reported. A 45-year old man, who had been treated for cerebral palsy as a result of a neonatal cerebral hemorrhage,
was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting. A plain abdominal X-ray film showed evidence of a huge
quantity of gas in the left abdomen. Using a gastrographin enema from the colonoscope, an obstruction of the ascending colon
was revealed with tapering of the lumen. A computed tomography scan showed a grossly dilated air-distended bowel in the left
abdomen and soft tissue with internal architecture containing swirling strands of soft tissue and fat attenuation. An emergency
laparotomy was performed. During the laparotomy the ileocecal region, which was unfixed at the retroperitoneum, was found
to be twisted counterclockwise by 360° around the mesentery with the terminal ileum, thus resulting in a diagnosis of cecal
volvulus. We therefore conducted an ileocecal resection. Cecal volvulus is an uncommon form of intestinal obstruction with
a high mortality rate and may present considerable difficulty in diagnosis. Although cecal volvulus is rare as a cause of
intestinal obstruction, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of bowel obstruction in cerebral palsy. 相似文献
7.
Etoh T Shiraishi N Tajima M Shiromizu A Yasuda K Inomata M Kitano S 《World journal of surgery》2007,31(5):1116-1121
Introduction The effect of laparoscopic surgery under CO2 pneumoperitoneum on liver function is not clear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether laparoscopy-assisted distal
gastrectomy (LADG) is associated with changes in liver function compared with open distal gastrectomy (ODG).
Methods A total of 205 patients who underwent LADG (n = 147) or ODG (n = 58) between January 1994 and April 2004 were included in
this study. Liver function tests—aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, total bilirubin—were
examined before surgery and at 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. The postoperative clinical course was compared between the
two groups.
Results AST levels on day 1 and ALT levels on days 1 and 3 were significantly higher in the LADG group. Albumin levels showed a marked
decrease after operation in both groups, but the level recovered more rapidly in the LADG group than in the ODG group, showing
significant differences on days 3 and 7. The total bilirubin levels remained unchanged from baseline. The postoperative complication
rate was similar in the two groups, although 3 LADG patients among the 27 patients with liver disease suffered severe enteritis.
Conclusions Transient liver dysfunction was documented in patients after laparoscopic gastrectomy under CO2 pneumoperitoneum. 相似文献
8.
K Shiromizu M Matsuzawa M Takahashi O Ishihara 《British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1988,95(5):503-506
The effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy was examined for patients with uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Whole pelvis irradiation is unnecessary for patients with less than 2/3 of depth of cervical local involvement without pelvic regional lymph node metastases. Adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur [1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil] (600 mg/day) has failed to improve the survival of patients with positive lymph node metastases. 相似文献
9.
Harushige Yokota Hiroyuki Yoshikawa Kenji Shiromizu Takashi Kawana Masahiko Mizuno 《Cancer science》1990,81(9):896-901
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the uterine cervices of Japanese women with and without lesions was identified by the filter in situ hybridization method. Exfoliated cervical cells from 23 cervical papillary condylomas, 70 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade I/II, 26 CIN III, 31 invasive cervical cancers and 666 cervices without evidence of disease (including 53 pregnant women) were tested for the presence of HPV types 6/11, 16 and 18. The positive rates for the detection of HPV types 6/11, 16 and 18 DNA were 47.8%, 26.1% and 8.7% in cervical condylomas, 5.7%, 15.7% and 8.6% in CIN I/II, 0, 34.6% and 0 in CIN III, 3.2%, 38.7% and 9.7% in invasive cervical cancers and 0.9%, 1.8% and 0.6% in the control cervices. These data suggest that, in Japan, HPV6/11, HPV16 and HPV18 infections are also prevalent in cervical cells with normal phenotype, and the type of HPV infection of the uterine cervix is related to the histological diagnosis. 相似文献
10.
Long-term outcome of laparoscopic wedge resection for gastric submucosal tumor compared with open wedge resection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ishikawa K Inomata M Etoh T Shiromizu A Shiraishi N Arita T Kitano S 《Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques》2006,16(2):82-85
Little is known about the outcomes of laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) in comparison with conventional open wedge resection (OWR) for gastric submucosal tumor. Outcomes of 21 patients who underwent LWR (n = 14) or OWR (n = 7) for gastric submucosal tumor between 1993 and 2004 were investigated. We compared the short-term and long-term operative results between the 2 groups. LWR showed several advantages over OWR for gastric submucosal tumor: less blood loss, lower fever on day 1, lower analgesic usage rate, earlier first postoperative flatus and oral intake, lower leukocyte count on days 1 and 7, and lower C-reactive protein level on days 1 and 3. All patients, except 2 with histologically diagnosed high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor, survived during the mean follow-up period of 60 months. LWR is feasible for the management of patients with gastric submucosal tumor. 相似文献