不同支抗控制可影响拔牙矫治中上颌第3磨牙的位置

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Human papillomavirus distribution and cervical cancer epidemiological characteristics in rural population of Xinjiang,China

Background:Cervical cancer remains a major public health issue for the Uyghur women and other women living mainly in rural areas of Xinjiang. This study aims to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer in rural areas of Xinjiang, China.Methods:Cervical cancer screening was performed on rural women aged 35 to 64 years from Xinjiang, China in 2017 through gynecological examination, vaginal discharge smear microscopy, cytology, and HPV testing. If necessary, colposcopy and biopsy were performed on women with suspicious or abnormal screening results.Results:Of the 216,754 women screened, 15,518 received HPV testing. The HPV-positive rate was 6.75% (1047/15,518). Compared with the age 35–44 years group, the odds ratios (ORs) of HPV positivity in the age 45–54 years and 55–64 years groups were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.37) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.53–2.21), respectively. Compared with women with primary or lower education level, the ORs for HPV infection rates of women with high school and college education or above were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.09–1.72) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.23–2.12), respectively. Uyghur women were less likely to have HPV infection than Han women, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.61–0.99). The most prevalent HPV types among Xinjiang women were HPV 16 (24.00%), HPV 33 (12.70%), and HPV 52 (11.80%). The detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ was 0.14% and the early diagnosis rate of cervical cancer was 85.91%. The detection rates of vaginitis and cervicitis were 19.28% and 21.32%, respectively.Conclusions:The HPV infection rate in Xinjiang is low, but the detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions is higher than the national average level. Cervical cancer is a prominent public health problem in Xinjiang, especially in southern Xinjiang.     

汉族和蒙古族女性HPV感染率及型别分布的差异分析

目的 评价我国汉族和蒙古族女性自然人群及不同宫颈病变级别中的高危人乳头瘤病毒型别分布及感染状况,为不同民族宫颈癌筛查和疫苗防控策略的制定提供理论依据。方法 2017年6月在我国山西省襄垣县、阳城县和内蒙古自治区鄂托克旗3个农村地区开展以人群为基础的多中心宫颈癌筛查研究,共纳入研究对象9 517名。所有研究对象均通过自我采样方法采集2份宫颈阴道分泌物标本,分别进行careHPV及PCR HPV检测（不分型）,并对任意阳性标本进行基于PCR方法的HPV分型检测。上述两种方法任意阳性者转诊阴道镜,阴道镜下若有病变于病变处直接活检,阴道镜下不满意者行宫颈管搔刮术。病理结果作为最终疾病诊断金标准。结果 汉族女性HPV感染者1 842人（21.83%）,蒙古族女性HPV感染者269人（24.93%）,两个民族HPV感染率差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.328,P=0.021）。蒙古族女性宫颈上皮内瘤样变1级的检出率[2.83%（30/1 059）]高于汉族女性[0.87%（73/8 378）],差异有统计学意义（χ²=33.509,P<0.001）,但宫颈上皮内瘤样变2级及以上的检出率差异无统计学意义[蒙古族：1.04%（11/1 059）;汉族：0.95%（80/8 378）,χ²=0.069,P=0.793]。两民族宫颈上皮内瘤样变2级及以上女性HR-HPV型别分布排在前三位的均是HPV16、52、58型。汉族和蒙古族女性多重感染率分别为41.37%、44.35%,两民族间差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.764,P=0.382）。结论 蒙古族女性的HPV感染率高于汉族女性,对汉族和蒙古族女性进行宫颈癌的综合防控时,应提高对HPV16、52、58型的重视。     

细胞学检测为非典型鳞状细胞且人乳头瘤病毒阴性妇女的宫颈癌患病风险评估

目的 评估宫颈癌筛查中非典型鳞状细胞(ASC-US)但人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)阴性的妇女罹患中度及以上宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN2+)的风险。方法 汇总1999-2008年在我国开展的17项以人群为基础的宫颈癌筛查横断面研究,共30371名17~59岁妇女参加筛查,所有妇女均进行了液基细胞学检查(LBC)、HPV检测(hybrid capture 2, HC2)和醋酸染色肉眼观察法(VIA),任一结果阳性者转诊阴道镜。最终28810名具有完整细胞学、HPV、病理检测结果的妇女纳入分析,分别以细胞学正常且HPV阴性组(LBC-/HPV-)、细胞学正常组(LBC-)为参照,评估细胞学为ASC-US且HPV阴性组(ASC-US/HPV-)的CIN2+患病风险。结果 LBC-/HPV-、LBC-和ASC-US/HPV-组分别有22003、24139和1834名妇女,CIN2+的患病率分别为0.05%、0.36%和0.16%。分别以LBC-/HPV-组、LBC-组为参照,ASC-US/HPV-组罹患CIN2+的风险分别为3.00(95%CI:0.85~10.65)和0.46(95%CI:0.15~1.45),其校正OR值分别为4.00(95%CI:1.08~14.87)、0.47(95%CI:0.15~1.49)。结论 ASC-US/HPV-妇女CIN2+的患病风险介于LBC-和LBC-/HPV-妇女之间。依据"同等风险、同等管理"的原则,可采用对LBC-者的3年筛查间隔,而对于卫生资源相对匮乏地区可采用对LBC-/HPV-者的5年筛查间隔。     

Impact of International Collaborative Training Programs on Medical Students’ Research Ability

International collaborative training programs for graduate students are widespread, but studies on their educational impact are limited. As an advanced cancer institute in China, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CHCAMS) attaches great importance to international exchanges and cooperation within graduate education. The Department of Epidemiology of CHCAMS has been involved in several existing international training programs and has also launched a short-term training program in cooperation with foreign universities and institutes from 2008. Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars and Fellows (FICRS-F) Program and the Fulbright-Fogarty Fellowship Program are the most typical examples of our practice in international cooperation on graduate education over these years. Our department has gained substantial experience in graduate-level international collaborative training, focused on cancer epidemiology. This paper is a brief introduction to the practice of different programs in our department and students’ achievements during and after training. Moreover, we attempt to serve as a reference and help promote the training of graduate students pursuing careers in cancer research or global health by other universities or research institutes.     

Triage options to manage high-risk human papillomavirus-positive women: A population-based cross-sectional study from rural China

Improvement in managing HPV-positive women is urgently needed. Based on a population-based study which included 2112 women aged 49 to 69 from Shanxi, China, we aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of multiple triage strategies based on liquid-based cytology (LBC), p16^INK4a, viral load and partial genotyping, as a single or combined strategy for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or higher (CIN2+/CIN3+) in women who tested positive by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). Among 452 HC2-positive women, the test positivity of LBC (ASC-US+), p16^INK4a, HPV16/18 and HPV16/18/31/33/45 were 39.6%, 38.5%, 18.0% and 40.0%, respectively. Compared to LBC (ASC-US+) triage, a single triage strategies using p16^INK4a or extended genotyping (SureX HPV16/18/31/33/45) achieved comparable sensitivity (relative sensitivity: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-1.26 and 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76-1.22) and specificity (relative specificity: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.96-1.14 and 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92-1.14) for CIN3+. Viral load triage using a ≥50 RLU/CO cut-point also yielded similar results with LBC (ASC-US+). Among combined triage strategies, HPV16/18 genotyping with reflex p16^INK4a showed higher sensitivity and slightly lower specificity than LBC (ASC-US+) for CIN3+ detection, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Of note, after a negative result by p16^INK4a or LBC among HPV16/18 negative women, the posttest probability of CIN3+ was lower than 1%. Our study suggested that p16^INK4a, extended genotyping and increased viral load cut-point could be promising alternatives to cytology triage. Combined triage algorithms of HPV16/18 with reflex p16^INK4a or cytology, if negative, are associated with the substantial low posttest risk sufficient to release women to next screening round.     

磁共振NODDI技术在帕金森认知障碍患者海马微观结构的应用

  目的  利用神经突方向离散度与密度成像（NODDI）探索帕金森认知障碍（PD-CI）患者海马微观结构的变化，并探讨其与认知功能的关系。  方法  选择我院36例帕金森病患者为帕金森病组，选取20例健康志愿者为对照组，对两组进行磁共振检查，检查前对PD患者进行蒙特利尔认知评分（MoCA），其中16例MoCA评分 < 26分为PD-CI组，20例MoCA评分≥26分为帕金森认知正常组。根据NODDI扫描结果获取相关参数:方向离散度指数（ODI）、细胞内体积分数（Vic）和各向同性水分子体积分数（Viso）值，分析感兴趣区ODI、Vic及Viso值的组间差异。将差异有统计学意义的指标分别与MoCA量表评分进行Pearson相关分析，研究各扩散指数与MoCA量表得分的相关性。  结果  PD患者海马的ODI值和Vic值均低于健康对照组（P < 0.05），且PD-CI组的ODI值和Vic值低于帕金森认知正常组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），而Viso值与健康对照组相比差异无统计学意义。采用Pearson相关分析对海马ODI值和Vic值与MoCA量表评分进行相关性分析，得出左侧海马ODI值与MoCA量表评分相关性最强（r=0.617，P < 0.05）。  结论  NODDI技术能够反映PD患者海马微观结构的改变，并在一定程度上体现了患者的临床认知状态，从而在其辅助诊断中提供重要的参考价值。      

Progression and regression of women with biopsy-confirmed normal cervical epithelium or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1: a 15-year population-based cohort study in China

Background

The long-term risk of progression or regression in women with biopsy-confirmed normal cervical epithelium or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) is unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the rates of progression and regression of women with histological CIN1 or normal cervical epithelium in rural China.

Eight-type human papillomavirus E6/E7 oncoprotein detection as a novel and promising triage strategy for managing HPV-positive women

The management of HPV-positive women becomes particularly crucial in cervical cancer screening. Here we assessed whether detection of E6 or E7 oncoproteins targeting eight most prevalent HPV types could serve as a promising triage option. Women (N = 1,416) aged 50–60 from Shanxi, China underwent screening with HPV testing and liquid-based cytology (LBC), with any positive results referring to colposcopy and biopsy if necessary. Women with HPV-positive results received further tests using DNA-based genotyping, E6 or E7 oncoprotein detection targeting HPV16/18 (for short: E6 (16/18) Test) or HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58 (for short: E6/E7 (8 types) Test), respectively. Among HPV-positive women, E6/E7 (8 types) oncoproteins had lower positivity (17.37%) compared to DNA-based genotyping for same eight types (58.30%) and LBC with ASC-US threshold (50.97%); HPV16 was the genotype showing the highest frequency (8.49%) for oncoprotein detection followed by HPV52 (3.47%), 58 (2.32%), 33 (1.54%), 18 (1.16%), 45 (0.77%), 35 (0.39%) and 31 (0%). For detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 3 or higher (CIN3+), E6/E7 (8 types) Test had similar sensitivity (100.00%) and superior specificity (85.94%) as well as positive predictive value (PPV, 22.22%) compared to both LBC and DNA-based genotyping (8 types); For detection of CIN2+, E6/E7 (8 types) Test was less sensitive (67.74%) but still more specific (89.47%) and risk predictive with PPV of 46.67%. Notably, E6/E7 (8 types) Test remarkably decreased the number of colposcopies needed to detect one CIN2+ and CIN3+ (2.14 and 4.50). E6/E7 oncoprotein detection showed a good “trade-off” between sensitivity and specificity with more efficient colposcopy referrals, which is of great importance to maximize the benefits of HPV-based screening program, especially applicable for the areas with high HPV prevalence and low-resources.