人参皂甙Rg3对耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞系A549DDP逆转作用及其机理的研究

目的探讨人参皂甙Rg3对耐顺铂(CDDP)人肺腺癌细胞系A549DDP的逆转作用及其机理.方法以A549DDP及其亲本细胞A549为研究对象,MTT法观察Rg3对A549DDP耐药的逆转作用,采用免疫组化及RT-PCR方法分别在蛋白质和mRNA水平检测耐药相关蛋白MDR1、MRP、LRP表达.结果 MTT法显示低细胞毒浓度Rg3(10 μmol)有效逆转A549DDP细胞耐药7.3倍,而20、30 μmol Rg3分别逆转耐药1.3、1.2倍;10 μmol Rg3预处理A549DDP细胞12、24、36及48 h后分别逆转耐药1.0、1.6、7.6及10.4倍,表明Rg3逆转耐药呈时间依赖性.免疫组化和RT-PCR显示:A549DDP细胞MDR1、MRP、LRP呈过量表达,以Rg3(10 μmol)预处理A549DDP 12、24、36及48 h后,MDR1、MRP表达减弱,呈时间依赖性,而LRP表达无明显时间依赖性.结论 Rg3具有中度逆转肿瘤耐药作用,并呈时间依赖性.     

How accurate are published recurrence rates after rectal prolapse surgery? A meta-analysis of individual patient data

BACKGROUND: The literature shows wide variations of recurrence rates (RRs) after abdominal surgery for rectal prolapse. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the accuracy of published RRs. METHODS: An electronic search was performed with no restrictions. Inclusion criterion was abdominal surgery in at least 10 adults with follow-up evaluation of any length of time. Two reviewers screened 1669 references. A total of 190 investigators were asked to provide individual patient data that should be the same used at the time their reports were written. The RR was estimated by actuarial analysis. Investigators were asked for comments on results. RESULTS: Individual patient data from 6 reports published with 273 patients (186 women, 87 men) with a median age of 54 years (range, 18-88 y) were available. Abdominal surgery included mobilization with pexy (88%), with additional resection (7%), or mobilization only (5%). There were 16 recurrences at a median follow-up period of 3.94 years (range, .05-15.11 y). The effect of age (hazard ratio [HR], 2.010; P = .3443), sex (HR, 2.070; P = .4260), surgical technique (HR, .743; P = .7669), and publication (HR, 1.014; P = .8747) on RR was not significant. Two publications reported a RR of 0. In another report, the published and estimated RRs of 15% did not differ. Published RRs differed from estimated RRs in 3 reports (2.5% vs 4%; 7% vs 54%; and 9.6% vs 36%). The pooled odds ratios of 6 reports revealed a borderline significant difference between the published and estimated RRs (P = .066). CONCLUSIONS: Published RRs differed by as much as 47% from the RRs estimated by actuarial analysis depending on event definition and how the data were censored.     

脑血管病患者脉压水平与脑卒中再发的关系

目的 :本研究旨在了解基础脉压和随访 4年中脉压水平与脑血管病患者脑卒中再发事件的关系。　　方法 :入选 15 2 0例 5年内曾发生过脑卒中 (包括脑出血和梗死 )和一过性脑缺血发作患者。平均年龄 (63 9± 7 6)岁。每半年至少随访 1次 ,随访 4～ 5年。随访中测量血压和收集脑卒中事件证据材料。终点事件评估委员会根据脑卒中证据材料评估脑卒中事件。收缩压 -舒张压 =脉压 ,脉压分 4级 ,即 <45 ,45～ 5 4,5 5～ 64 ,≥ 65mmHg (1mmHg=0 13 3kPa) ,分析不同级别脉压水平与脑卒中再发事件的关系。　　结果 :入选患者基础脉压 <45 ,45～ 5 4,5 5～ 64 ,≥ 65mmHg者的脑卒中再发率分别为 9 7% ,12 7% ,16 1%和16 4% ;随访 4年中脉压平均水平 4个级别的脑卒中再发率分别为 8 6% ,14 7% ,17 5 %和 2 7 5 %。　　结论 :脑血管病患者基础脉压或随访 4年中平均脉压与脑卒中再发密切相关 ,脉压越大 ,脑卒中再发危险越高。     

Long-term prognosis of patients with local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early breast cancer

We have studied the long-term prognosis of 266 patients considered to have isolated local recurrence in the breast following conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early breast cancer. The median follow-up of the patients still alive after diagnosis of local relapse was 11.2 years. At 10 years from the date of salvage treatment, the overall survival rate for the 226 patients with invasive local recurrence was 39% (95% CI, 32-46), the distant recurrence-free survival rate was 36% (95% CI, 29-42), and the local control rate (i.e., survival without subsequent local recurrence or local progression) was 68% (95% CI, 62-75). Among patients with a local recurrence at or near the original tumour site a better distant disease-free survival was observed for patients with recurrences measuring 1cm or less, compared to those with larger recurrences. This suggests, though does not prove, that early detection of local recurrence can improve the treatment outcome but might as well point towards a different biologic behaviour, facilitating early detection.     

Perioperative blood transfusions, with or without allogeneic leucocytes, relate to survival, not to cancer recurrence

BACKGROUND: Perioperative blood transfusions are reported to be related to cancer recurrence and reduced survival. Different underlying mechanisms have been proposed, and allogeneic leucocytes in transfused blood have been suggested to contribute to this phenomenon. METHODS: Packed red cells without buffy coat (PC group) were compared with filtered, leucoreduced, red cells (LD group) in a randomized trial of 697 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Five-year survival and cancer recurrence rates were determined, with special emphasis on the location of recurrence. RESULTS: The intention-to-treat analysis showed a survival rate of 63.6 per cent in the PC group and 65.3 per cent in the LD group (P = 0.69), with recurrence rates of 27.8 and 27.9 per cent respectively. The observational analysis showed a significant difference in survival between transfused and non-transfused patients (59.6 versus 72.9 per cent; P < 0.001). The difference in cancer recurrence rate between transfused and non-transfused patients was not statistically significant (29.8 versus 24.3 per cent; P = 0.13). Local recurrences were more frequent in transfused than non-transfused patients (11.9 versus 7.6 per cent; P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: Leucocyte depletion of perioperative transfused blood has no effect on long-term survival and/or cancer recurrence. Perioperative blood transfusions are associated with impaired survival, but not with cancer recurrence. The slight increase in local recurrence rate in transfused patients appears to be related to complicated, in particular rectal, surgery.     

Safety of withholding heparin in pregnant women with a history of venous thromboembolism. Recurrence of Clot in This Pregnancy Study Group

BACKGROUND: Women with a history of venous thromboembolism may be at increased risk for venous thromboembolic events during pregnancy. In these women, the decision to give or withhold heparin in the antepartum period is controversial, because accurate estimates of the frequency of recurrent thromboembolic events if antepartum heparin is withheld are not available. METHODS: We prospectively studied 125 pregnant women with a single previous episode of venous thromboembolism. Antepartum heparin was withheld, but anticoagulant therapy was given for four to six weeks post partum. Our primary objective was to determine the rate of antepartum recurrence of venous thromboembolism. Laboratory studies were performed to identify thrombophilia in 95 women. RESULTS: Three of the 125 women (2.4 percent) had an antepartum recurrence of venous thromboembolism (95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 6.9 percent). There were no recurrences in the 44 women who had no evidence of thrombophilia and who also had a previous episode of thrombosis that was associated with a temporary risk factor. Among the 51 women with abnormal laboratory results or a previous episode of idiopathic thrombosis, or both, 3 (5.9 percent) had an antepartum recurrence of venous thromboembolism (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 16.2 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of recurrent antepartum venous thromboembolism in women with a history of venous thromboembolism is low, and therefore routine antepartum prophylaxis with heparin is not warranted.     

Unsupervised breastfeeding was related to sudden unexpected postnatal collapse during early skin-to-skin contact in cerebral palsy cases

Aim

This study aimed to identify the clinical features of infants who were healthy at birth, but developed sudden unexpected collapse and were then diagnosed with cerebral palsy before 5 years of age.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 1182 records from the no-fault Japan Obstetric Compensation System for Cerebral Palsy database up to 2016. This identified 45 subjects (3.8%) who were subsequently diagnosed with severe cerebral palsy due to sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC). They were all healthy at birth, based on the criteria of five-minute Apgar scores of seven or more, with normal umbilical cord blood gases and no need for neonatal resuscitation within five minutes of birth.

Results

The median birth weight of the 45 subjects (26 males) was 2770 g (range 2006-3695 g). Of these, 10 developed SUPC during early skin-to-skin contact (SSC). Medical personnel were not present in all 10 cases: nine were being breastfed at the time and eight of the mothers did not notice their infant's abnormal condition until medical staff alerted them.

Conclusion

This national study of children with cerebral palsy who appeared healthy at birth found that unsupervised breastfeeding was a common factor in cases of SUPC during early SSC.