Metabolic Brain Disease - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease, leads to the loss of motor neurons. There are currently no effective therapies to treat this... 相似文献
Households experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and food insecurity are at high risk of lifelong physical and behavioral difficulties. Longitudinal data from a perinatal home-visiting cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial in South Africa townships were used to examine the relationships between household settings and mothers’ histories of risk and children’s behavior problems at 3 and 5 years of age. IPV, food insecurity, maternal depressed mood, and geriatric pregnancy (at age of 35 or older) were consistently associated with children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Aggressive behavior was more prevalent among 3- and 5-year olds boys, and was associated with maternal alcohol use. The effects of these factors on child behavior were more prominent than maternal HIV status. There is a continuing need to reduce IPV and household food insecurity, as well as supporting older, depressed, alcohol using mothers in order to address children’s behavioral needs.
A group of 3'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridines, 3'-O-nitro-2'-deoxycytidines, and 5'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridines possessing a variety of substituents (H, Me, F, I) at the C-5 position were synthesized for evaluation as anticancer/antiviral agents that have the ability to concomitantly release cytotoxic nitric oxide (*NO). Although these compounds generally released a greater percent of *NO than the reference drug isosorbide dinitrate upon incubation in the presence of l-cysteine, or serum, their cytotoxicity (CC(50) = 10(-3) to 10(-6) M range) was comparable to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, but weaker than 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, against a variety of cancer cell lines. No differences in cytotoxicity against nontransfected (KBALB, 143B), and the corresponding transfected (KBALB-STK, 143B-LTK) cancer cell lines possessing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase gene (TK(+)) were observed, indicating that expression of the viral TK enzyme did not provide a gene therapeutic effect. These nitrate esters were inactive antiviral agents except for 5-iodo-3'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine that showed modest activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, and vaccinia virus. 相似文献
Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) glow discharge-treated Dacron vascular grafts resist thrombus deposition, embolization and thrombotic occlusion. In addition, albumin adsorbed on TFE-treated surfaces resists elution by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Since the tight binding of albumin to TFE-treated surfaces may contribute to their thromboresistant character, we decided to examine the mechanism responsible for this tenacious adsorption. We have investigated albumin adsorption and retention (after SDS elution) on a number of untreated and glow discharge-treated surfaces. Fluorocarbon glow discharge-treated polymers retain a larger fraction of the adsorbed albumin than ethylene and hexamethyldisiloxane glow discharge-treated surfaces. Albumin retention by surfaces appears to be closely related to their surface free energy (in air). Low energy surfaces (in air), whether untreated or glow discharge-treated, retain a larger fraction of the albumin adsorbed than higher energy surfaces. The lowest energy surfaces should have the highest interfacial energies in water, with correspondingly high driving forces for adsorption of proteins. This can lead to the formation of multiple binding sites upon adsorption, permitting strong hydrophobic interactions, which leads to the observed strong binding. 相似文献
ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder for which no effective treatment exists. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying the selective degeneration of motor neurons are still unknown. A motor neuron specific apoptotic pathway involving Fas and NO has been discovered. Motor neurons from ALS-mice have an increased sensitivity to Fas-induced cell death via this pathway. In this study we therefore crossed G93A-SOD1 overexpressing ALS mice with Fas ligand (FasL) mutant (gld) mice to investigate whether the reduced Fas signaling could have beneficial effects on motor neuron death. G93A-SOD1 mutant mice with a homozygous FasL mutant showed a modest but statistically significant extension of survival, and reduced loss of motor neurons. These results indicate that motor neuron apoptosis triggered by Fas is relevant in ALS pathogenesis. 相似文献
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is a key brain area in depressive symptomatology; specifically, glutamate (Glu) has been reported to play a significant role in major depression (MD) in this area. MPFC Glu levels are sensitive to ovarian hormone fluctuations and pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with the most substantial physiological alterations of female hormones. It is therefore logical to measure MPFC Glu levels in women with postpartum depression (PPD). Using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at a field strength of 3?T, we acquired single-voxel spectra from the MPFC of 12 women with PPD and 12 healthy controls (HCs) matched for postpartum scan timing. Water-referenced MPFC Glu levels were measured using a MRS technique that allowed us to be specific for Glu with very little glutamine contamination. The concentrations of other water-quantified brain metabolites such as glycerophosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and creatine plus phosphocreatine were measured in the same MR spectra. MPFC Glu levels were higher in women with PPD (7.21±1.20) compared to matched HCs (6.04±1.21). There were no differences between groups for other brain metabolites measured. These findings suggest an association between Glu dysregulation in the MPFC and PPD. Whether the pathophysiology of PPD differs from the pathophysiology of MD remains to be determined. Further investigations are needed to determine the chronological associations between the occurrence of symptoms of PPD and the onset of changes in MPFC Glu levels. 相似文献
Metabolic Brain Disease - Single amino acid mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) have been found to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, we developed a mouse model for ALS using a PFN1... 相似文献
Archives of Women's Mental Health - The increased number of female smokers is considered a global health challenge in recent years. One of the detrimental effects of smoking is sexual hormone... 相似文献