血管细胞粘附分子调控造血的研究进展

本文简述了血管细胞粘附分子 (Vascularcelladhesionmolecule 1,VCAM 1)的结构和生物学功能 ,总结了VCAM 1在恶性血液病骨髓基质中的表达和意义 ,探讨了VCAM 1在造血干细胞动员和归巢中的作用 ,指出VCAM 1作用机制的深入研究将对恶性血液病的治疗提供更为有效的方法。     

Intermediate filamentous proteins in adult granulosa cell tumors. An immunohistochemical study of 25 cases.

Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are classified as sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. However, they may be confused with other primary ovarian neoplasms. Intermediate filaments, specifically vimentin and cytokeratins, have been identified in AGCTs by immunohistochemistry performed on frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Recently, however, immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin has been used as supporting evidence of epithelial rather than sex cord-stromal differentiation in ovarian neoplasia. To investigate further intermediate filamentous proteins in AGCTs, 25 such tumors were studied by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Cytoplasmic staining was observed, frequently in a distinct punctate, paranuclear pattern, in 14 of 25, 14 of 25, and seven of 17 tumors using monoclonal antibodies AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, and 35BH11, respectively, which share the ability to detect low molecular weight cytokeratins. Staining for cytokeratin was not seen in any of the 17 tumors studied using the antibody 34BE12. Twenty-three of 25 tumors showed strong positivity for vimentin, characteristically seen as globoid paranuclear staining. Nine of 25 tumors contained desmin, which was restricted to the intermixed spindle cell, cortical type stromal component of the tumors. These patterns of immunoreactivity for intermediate filaments, particularly cytokeratins, are different than in common epithelial tumors of the ovary and may be useful in the differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia. Moreover, the immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratins should not be used as a criterion for excluding AGCT from the differential diagnosis of an ovarian neoplasm.     

Functional overload attenuates plantaris atrophy in tumor-bearing rats

Background  

Late stage cancer malignancies may result in severe skeletal muscle wasting, fatigue and reduced quality of life. Resistance training may attenuate these derangements in cancer patients, but how this hypertrophic response relates to normal muscle adaptations in healthy subjects is unknown. Here, we determined the effect of resistance training on muscle mass and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition in plantaris muscles from tumor-bearing (TB) rats.     

In vitro effects of Nd:YAG laser radiation on blood: A quantitative and morphologic analysis

Use of the Neodymium: yttrium -aluminum -garnet (Nd:YAG) laser to recanalize stenosed arteries may require delivery of the beam through blood. To assess the degree of hemolysis and debris formation, 54 samples of citrated whole blood were exposed to Nd:YAG laser radiation of varying powers (10, 20 and 30 watts) and duration (1, 2.5 and 5 seconds). Compared to control samples which were not subjected to laser light, there was no significant decrease in hematocrit (41 to 40.5 +/- 5%), hemoglobin concentration (13.8 to 13.8 +/- .06 g/1OO ml), or increase in "free" hemoglobin concentration. Debris weight (from .45 +/- .002 to .45 +/- .002 mg), as well as the white blood cell count, was also not significantly changed (from 5,400 to 5,200 +/- 240 WBC/cm). Light microscopy examination of debris from samples of whole blood, washed erythrocytes, and platelet-rich plasma subjected to the laser at 30 watts for five seconds failed to demonstrate the presence of membrane denaturation of blood elements, as compared with the morphologic changes observed in whole blood samples exposed to a "hot tip" rather than Nd:YAG laser radiation. Nd:YAG laser can be used intravascularly without fear of hemolysis or debris "micro-embolization" up to a power of 30 watts for five seconds.     

Glycoproteins present in human follicular fluid that inhibit the zona- binding capacity of spermatozoa

Previous studies have suggested that human follicular fluid contains factors that reduce the zona-binding capacity of spermatozoa. The present study provides further evidence of the existence of such factors. Using the hemizona binding assay (HZA), we have shown that the inhibitory effect of human follicular fluid on the zona-binding capacity of spermatozoa is concentration-dependent, an inhibitory effect being detected when the concentration of human follicular fluid was > or = 10%. A 1% concentration of human follicular fluid did not possess this inhibitory activity. Heating human follicular fluid at 56 degrees C for 30 min did not affect its inhibitory properties; treatment with proteinase-K abolished such inhibition. Human follicular fluid was fractionated sequentially by concanavalin-A affinity chromatography, Mono Q ion-exchange chromatography and Superose-12 gel filtration. The zona binding inhibitory activity resided in the fraction which bound to the lectin and Mono Q column and contained molecules with native molecular weights of 32 and 192 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that the 192 kDa glycoprotein was a tetramer, while the 32 kDa glycoprotein remained as a single molecular species under denaturing conditions. We conclude that two glycoproteins were responsible for the zona binding inhibitory activity of human follicular fluid. The physiological role of these factors remains unclear.      

Response from lieberman and colleagues

Respond on comments on Lieberman's article: Cyclosiloxanes Produce Fatal Liver and Lung Damage in Mice. Environ Health Perspect 107:161-165     

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis

Infiltrating pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) is an aggressive variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma. Recently, in situ changes identical to PLC (PLCIS) have been described. The role of prognostic markers and their correlation with therapeutics, clinical outcome, and genetic changes is not well established in PLC. The authors examined 38 cases of this entity to understand better this tumor's biology. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed in 21 specimens for estrogen and progesterone steroid receptors, p53, Her 2 (p185), and GCDFP-15. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was obtained from microdissected tumor as well as normal control cells, and loss of heterozygosity was investigated at the ESR (16q24), p53 (TP53 17p), Her 2 (17q 11-12), and BRCA 1 (17q12-25) loci. In this series, the average patient age was 57.5 years (age range, 24-92 years). Twenty-seven women were postmenopausal. Tumor size ranged from 1.2 to 25 cm. Six patients were a pathologic stage I; 19, stage II; 12, stage III; and one, stage IV. Histologically, multifocal nodular aggregates of discohesive pleomorphic tumor cells were seen interspersed in dense and fibrotic breast parenchyma. Twenty-nine percent of the specimens demonstrated associated signet ring cells. The remainder had dishesive, globoid, plasmacytoid cells with high-grade nuclear features. PLCIS was identified in 17 of 38 patients (45%), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) was noted in 8 patients (21%). IHC analysis showed estrogen immunoreactivity in 81%, progesterone in 67%, GCDFP-15 in 71%, and Her 2 in 81% (2+ to 3+ membranous staining) of specimens. Antibodies to p53 stained the tumor cell nuclei in 48% of the tumors. Loss of heterozygosity was identified in 52% of the specimens at the p53 locus, 18% at the ESR locus, 19% to 24% at the Her 2 loci, and 27% to 32% at the BRCA 1 locus. Follow-up was available in 19 patients and ranged from 12 months to 15 years (mean, 73 months). Seven patients had no evidence of disease at last examination (range, 1-15 years), three patients were alive with disease (range, 2-14 years), and nine patients were dead of disease (range, 2 months-9 years). Six patients had subsequent diagnoses of tumor in the contralateral breast. Analysis shows that PLC tends to appear in older postmenopausal women who present with locally advanced disease. PLCIS was found to be associated with PLC 45% of the time. The aggressive clinical course of patients with PLC is supported by tumor immunoreactivity with unfavorable markers Her 2 and p53. Overexpression of Her 2 in PLC may be therapeutically relevant, enabling the use of novel chemotherapeutic drugs like Herceptin. Interestingly, tumors that were Her 2 immunoreactive also maintained estrogen hormone immunoreactivity.