Identification and evaluation of antioxidants in Japanese parsley

Two cultivars of Japanese parsley were harvested in different seasons; their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods, and the contents of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants were compared. Japanese parsley possessed potent antioxidant capacities both in hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts when evaluated by ORAC methods. LC/MS/MS analyses revealed that chlorogenic acid and four kinds of quercetin glycosides were major antioxidants in the hydrophilic extract. Lutein was the main contributor to the antioxidant capacity of the lipophilic extract. Antioxidant capacities of the hydrophilic extracts of both cultivars tended to be higher in winter because of the increase in the contents of chlorogenic acid and quercetin glycosides. An obvious trend in the lipophilic antioxidant capacities or lutein contents was not observed irrespective of the cultivar.     

Long-term vardenafil therapy improves hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

The phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, sildenafil, has been reported to produce sustained pulmonary vasodilatation in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recently, vardenafil, a more potent and selective PDE-5 inhibitor than sildenafil, has been approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, the long-term effects of oral vardenafil in patients with PH are unknown. We studied five consecutive patients with PH; one with primary pulmonary hypertension, two with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, one with Eisenmenger syndrome (ventricular septal defect) and one with secondary pulmonary hypertension after a ventricular septal defect closure operation. In an acute hemodynamic trial, vardenafil (5 mg) significantly decreased both the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with an increase in cardiac output. In a chronic hemodynamic trial, the maintenance dose of vardenafil (10 to 15 mg) for 3 months significantly decreased the PVR, but not the SVR, with a 20.7% reduction of the PVR/ SVR ratio. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were also significantly decreased after 3 months. This pilot study demonstrates that long-term oral vardenafil therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for patients with PH.     

Stereotyped behaviors and compulsive complaints of pain improved by fluvoxamine in two cases of frontotemporal dementia]

There have been no systematic efforts to manage and treat patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but Perry described pharmacologic interventions for some behavioral syndromes in 2001. In Perry's report, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) were recommended as first choice drugs because they were well tolerated and might have an effect on some symptoms such as compulsive symptoms and eating abnormalities. Some reports were presented concerning Japanese FTD patients which showed the effect of SSRI on stereotyped behaviors and eating abnormalities by Nishikawa, et al. (2001), Ikeda, et al. (2004), and others. We describe two FTD patients with compulsive complaints of pain, one mainly on abdomen and the other on lumbar region. Fluvoxamine markedly improved their complaints of pain as well as stereotyped symptoms. Fluvoxamine might be effective for behavioral disturbances due to improvement of serotoninergic dysfunction in frontal medial and cingulated cortices, as previously described. Moreover, it has been reported that an altered response to pain stimuli, either via a loss of awareness of pain or exaggerated reaction to pain, is a specific feature of FTD, but there have been only a few reports on this feature. Fluvoxamine might be effective for compulsive complaints of pain due to improvements of compulsive symptoms and exaggerated reactions to pain in FTD, or due to the analgesic effect of SSRI. SSRI may improve compulsive complaints of pain in FTD patients.     

Study on the lymphatic flow of the lower gastric region for radical lymphadenectomy in advanced lower gastric cancer

A prognosis of patients with a curative resected advanced cancer of the lower gastric region was worse than that of the other region of the stomach. The 5 year survival rate was only 47.3%. One of the main reasons was that a rate of lymph node recurrence was higher. In this point of view, we studied on lymphatic flow of the lower gastric region using an activated carbon particle (CH40). Lymph nodes were stained black soon after the injection of CH40 into the lower gastric wall at laparotomy. The black stained rate of an each regional lymph node was as follows. 3. 58%, 4. 17%, 5. 50%, 6. 25%, 1. 21%, 7. 58%, 8. 83%, 9. 58%, 11. 17% and 12. 33% in case of injection into the greater curvature and and 4. 31%, 6. 100%, 8. 25%, 9. 25%, 14V and 56% in case of injection into the lesser curvature. The stained rate was relatively high in 12 and 14V lymph node which we had not routinely dissected. The rates of lymph nodes stained black were related to those of cancer metastasis. The results suggest that lymphadenectomy of 12 for the cancer at the lesser curvature and that of 14V for the cancer at the greater curvature might make a prognosis of lower gastric cancer better.     

Comparison of immunohistochemical staining of a mitochondrial protein, lipoamide dehydrogenase, with Fab'-peroxidase conjugates prepared by maleimide or periodate

IgG-maleimide peroxidase, Fab'-maleimide peroxidase, polymer and monomer types of Fab'-periodate peroxidase were prepared from an antibody against rat lipoamide dehydrogenase, a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is located in mitochondria. They were examined for immunohistochemical staining of the rat kidney. Fab'-maleimide peroxidase was the best for staining mitochondrial protein. IgG-maleimide peroxidase and the monomer type of Fab'-periodate peroxidase had the same intensity of staining. The polymer type of Fab'-periodate peroxidase could not stain the lipoamide dehydrogenase.