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Abdulla Shehab Asim A. Elnour Adel Sadik Mahmoud Abu Mandil Ali AlShamsi Aesha Al Suwaidi AkshayaSrikanth Bhagavathula Pinar Erkekoglu Farah Hamad Saif K. Al Nuaimi 《Saudi medical journal》2015,36(11):1290-1298
Objectives:
To provide early data regarding clinical utility of dabigatran in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods:
This was an ethics approved retrospective cross sectional study. We retrieved a total of 76 patients who were using dabigatran from September to December 2014 in the Cardiology Clinic at Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain, UAE. The primary analysis was designed to test the frequency of bleeding events (rate) with dabigatran 75, 110, and 150 mg.Results:
The mean age ± standard deviation of cohort was 67.9 ± 1.5 years (range; 29-98 years), composed of males (52.6%) with mean age of 66.3 ± 1.7 years, and females (47.4%) with mean age of 69.6 ± 1.1 years. The highest age group was those between 61-80 years (60.5%). Most comprised the age strata of ≤75 years (73.7%). The main indication for dabigatran use was atrial fibrillation. The rate of bleeding with dabigatran was 18/76 (23.7%), and melena was the leading cause of bleeding 8/76 (10.7%). The hospitalization rate was 67.1%, dabigatran withdrawal rate was 0.01%, and mortality rate was 6.5%. The cohort had exhibited incidences of minor bleeding with one fatal major bleeding, high co-morbidities, admission, and readmission, which was not directly linked to dabigatran. We did not identify any relation of death due to dabigatran.Conclusion:
Dabigatran is a suitable alternative to warfarin obviating the need for repetitive international normalized ratio monitoring, however, it may need plasma drug monitoring.Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia that affects 1-1.5% of population worldwide.1 Atrial fibrillation prevalence increases with age, and rises from 0.7% in those between 55-59 years to 17.8% in those ≥85 years. Nearly 85% of patients with AF are aged >65 years old.2 The lifetime risk for the development of AF as demonstrated in the Framingham study was one in 4 for men and women aged ≥40 years,3 which pose certain concerns in countries with aging populations.4,5 In addition to this, hospitalization related to AF is alarmingly increasing.6 The risk of stroke in patients with AF is 5 folds, and systemic thromboembolism is 3 folds.7,8 Banerjee, et al9 has deployed stroke prevention score in patients with AF, however, the predictive value is of less magnitude. The European Society of Cardiology set estimation of stroke risk in patients with AF as per CHA2DS2-VASc score to determine the recommendation for initiating an oral anticoagulant,10 whereas in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2, HAS-BLED score can be used to assess the risk of bleeding, and commencement of anticoagulant.11Warfarin (vitamin K antagonist [VKA]) has proven efficacy in reducing the risk of stroke in patients with AF, however, it poses high bleeding incidences, emergency hospitalizations, unpredictable therapeutic effect, and multiple international normalized ratio (INR) tests leading to many limitations in its clinical utility.12 Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are proved as effective anticoagulants in prevention of stroke in patients with AF. Novel oral anticoagulants were preferred in non-valvular AF, and do not require coagulation monitoring, however, strict adherence to approved indication is highly warranted.13 Dabigatran (Pradaxa®), a competitive inhibitor of thrombin was approved in October 2010 by the United States of America Food and Drug Administration to reduce the risk of stroke, and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular AF.14 A systematic review incorporated 6 economic reviews from diverse healthcare systems (USA, Canada, and United Kingdom) utilizing different economic models. It has suggested the benefit of dabigatran in patients with high-risk of stroke, high-risk of intra-cerebral hemorrhage, or suboptimal use of warfarin. The review outlined concerns on tolerability of dabigatran, adherence issues, and adverse consequences.15In comparison with warfarin, dabigatran 150 mg has shown low rates of stroke, and systemic embolism (dabigatran p<0.001 for superiority). However, both drugs exhibited comparable rates of major hemorrhage.16-18 Greater fatal, and non fatal bleeding events were reported with dabigatran than warfarin.19,20 A recent (2015) retrospective Medicare data analysis study20 on dabigatran’s safety highlighted that the incidence of bleeding was higher than with warfarin (33% versus 27%), major bleeding (9% versus 6%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (17% versus 10%). Intracranial hemorrhage occurred more often with warfarin than dabigatran (1.8% versus 0.6%).20 It has been documented that risks of major bleeding from dabigatran is high for patients with chronic kidney disease, and in African Americans.20 The Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulant Therapy: Dabigatran versus warfarin-RE-LY studies18 have showed similar risk of bleeding with warfarin versus dabigatran in patients with non-valvular AF. This dictated the importance of age sub-group analysis in studies. In real clinical practice, patients from different countries may have more co-morbid conditions than those in the RE-LY study.21 The current available data around bleeding incidences from dabigatran is relevant to populations with diverse characteristics. Revealing the clinical utility of dabigatran in our Emirati population may demonstrate different perspectives. Therefore, we intend to provide early data around the clinical utility of dabigatran in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Emirati population. 相似文献3.
4.
K. L. Narasimharao M. Ch. S. K. Mitra F.R.C.S. K. S. Chugh M.D. I. C. Pathak M.S. 《Indian journal of pediatrics》1983,50(2):231-232
Calculus obstruction of the solitary kidney presenting as anuria in small children is unusual. We record the youngest such
patient reported in the literature with a congenital single kidney. 相似文献
5.
Absorption studies after massive small bowel resection and antiperistaltic colon interposition in rhesus monkeys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. S. Sidhu Dr. K. L. Narasimharao V. Usha Rani A. K. Sarkar S. K. Mitra 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1985,30(5):483-488
An experimental model of massive (80%) small bowel resection and antiperistaltic colon interposition in between the remnant jejunum and ileum was created in rhesus monkeys. The gastrointestinal functions were assessed preoperatively and at different periods after the operation. Progressive increase in the transit time and enhanced absorption ofd-xylose and vitamin B
12
was observed in these animals. The transit time marginally increased till three months postoperatively, and a significant increase was observed later (4–12 months) in the colon autografted monkeys. After three months, thed-xylose absorption in the colon interpositioned animals was nearly equal to that of normal monkeys. There was no significant difference in the vitamin B
12
absorption in the normal and operated animals up to three months, but a significant rise was observed in the latter group after this period. The fecal fat excretion was 33–44% initially, and it gradually decreased to near normal values after nine months. The antiperistaltic colon interposition was effective in improving the early postoperative survival in animals after massive small bowel resection and enhanced the bowel absorption considerably.This investigation was supported by grant from the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi. 相似文献
6.
7.
Gary L. Hansen PhD ; Ephraim M. Sparrow PhD ; Narasimharao Kommamuri BE ; Paul A. Iaizzo PhD 《Wound repair and regeneration》1996,4(3):386-392
This study examined the use of cutaneous reactive hyperemia as a means for noninvasive assessment of wound severity of newly formed temperature-modulated pressure injuries in a porcine model. Two methods to quantify the extent of the reactive hyperemic reflex were developed. First, color image analysis was used to measure the hue of injured tissue. The specific hue of the skin surface of the wounded site was found to provide an indication of the severity of the wounds. Second, infrared imaging, coupled with computer image processing, was used to detect differences in skin temperature. The relative surface temperature of the wounds showed a strong correlation with the presence or absence of deep tissue injury. Both techniques correlated with the severity of the injuries as determined by a histologic assessment of biopsied tissue, but infrared imaging provided the better means to assess wound depth. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Muhammad Nadeem Aslam Roscoe L. Warner Narasimharao Bhagavathula Isaac Ginsburg James Varani 《Archives of dermatological research》2010,302(9):669-677
PADMA 28 is a multi-component herbal mixture formulated according to an ancient Tibetan recipe. PADMA 28 is known to stimulate
collagen production and reduced levels of collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The goal of the present study
was to determine whether topical treatment of rat skin with PADMA 28 would improve skin structure/function, and whether subsequently
induced abrasion wounds would heal more rapidly in skin that had been pretreated with PADMA 28. Hairless rats were exposed
to a potent topical corticosteroid (Temovate) in combination with either DMSO alone or with PADMA 28 given topically. At the
end of the treatment period, superficial wounds were created in the skin, and time to wound closure was assessed. Collagen
production and matrix-degrading MMPs were assessed. Abrasion wounds in skin that had been pretreated with PADMA 28 healed
more rapidly than did wounds in Temovate plus DMSO-treated skin. Under conditions in which improved wound healing was observed,
there was an increased collagen production and decreased MMP expression, but no significant epidermal hyperplasia and no evidence
of skin irritation. The ability to stimulate collagen production and inhibit collagen-degrading enzymes in skin and facilitate
more rapid wound closure without irritation should provide a rationale for development of the herbal preparation as a “skin-repair”
agent. 相似文献