宫腹腔镜联合手术诊治不孕症150例分析

目的:探讨宫腹腔镜联合手术在诊治不孕症中的应用。方法:对150例不孕症患者行宫腹腔镜联合手术,对不孕症病因进行诊断,同时行治疗。结果:盆腔粘连和输卵管阻塞是不孕症的主要原因。子宫内膜息肉和正常盆腔占次要比例。子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢也是主要病因。150例同时行宫腹腔镜输卵管通液和各种疾病的治疗。联合手术后妊娠率为48.8%。结论:腹腔镜联合手术,在一次麻醉下,可以对不孕的原因全面评价和明确诊断,在诊断同时进行治疗,对不孕症的诊断和治疗有重大的意义,值得推广。     

Blood transfusions and the development of cytotoxic antibodies in dialyzed patients

In our work we investigated factors which can influence the alloimmunization and especially the ranges of cytotoxic antibodies that develop in patients on dialysis awaiting their first graft. Up to 15 liters of administered blood the proportion of immunized patients is rather stabile, not exceeding 50%. After further transfusions the percentage of immunized patients is growing rapidly reaching about 85%. Hyperimmunization, marked by cytotoxic antibodies with more than 80% panel reactivity is significantly more frequent in patients who obtained 15 and more liters of blood. In females the hyperimmunization is about 4 times more frequent than in males.     

"Lysostrip" experiments with HLA class-II antigens. I. Independent surface mobility of DQ and DR molecules

We report on results of lysostrip experiments designated to analyse the molecular relations between DQ and DR antigens. The purpose of lysostrip application was to determine whether these antigens can independently be redistributed on B-cell surface by incubation with a specific antibody followed by incubation with F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit antihuman Ig. The obtained results have clearly shown that DQ antigens, and supertypic and narrow DR antigens, move independently, indicating that they are located on separate molecules, supporting the concept of different DQ and DR loci.     

Acute respiratory distress during Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia A probable case of anaphylactoid reaction to Syntocinon

A case of life-threatening respiratory distress during a Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia is reported. Possible causes of the event including anaphylactoid reactions and the methods of their diagnosis are discussed. The most likely cause of the episode was felt to be an anaphylactoid reaction to Syntocinon.     

The Rigiflex TTS: A New Method to Dilate Benign Esophageal Stenosis

Abstract: This paper dicusses the use of esophageal dilatation with a Rigiflex TTS balloon. This method was used 45 times on 11 patients affected by anastomotic or a severe grade peptic esophageal stenosis. Fluoroscopic guidance was used in 36 procedures (80%) without effecting the mean duration of the treatment (12 minutes). The results were considered satisfactory when these goals had been achieved: a) dilatation of the stenosis over 15 mm; b) a dysphagia free-time of more than 6 months. A satisfactory result was achieved in 10 patients (90.9%), without deaths and major complications. 5 patients received 1 dilatation and the other 5 needed, 3-3-4-7–11 procedures respectively to obtain a satisfactory result. On these basis we consider that its great efficacy, security and tolerability depend on the following characteristics of the Rigiflex TTS balloon: 1) “radial” dilatation; 2) the possibility of introducing the balloon through the operative channel of the fiberscope; 3) direct visualization of the stenosis during dilatation. The following disadvantages with this method are: the absence of a tactile sensation of dilatation and the elevated cost of the instrument. We conclude that the Rigiflex TTS balloon is an important alternative to guide-wire techniques, especially for the treatment of severe esophageal strictures.     

妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症患者血清一氧化氮和内皮素的变化及意义

目的：探讨妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）患者外周静脉血清、新生儿脐静脉血清中一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET）、丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量的变化及在ICP发病中的作用。方法：以ICP组28例为研究组，测定其外周静脉血清及新生儿脐静脉血清中的NO、ET、MDA和SOD，以年龄相近的24例正常孕妇作为对照组。结果：ICP患者的MDA和ET含量较正常晚期妊娠显著增高（P＜0．01），ICP患者的NO和SOD含量与对照组相比无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。母血清中NO、ET、MDA含量均较新生儿脐静脉血清中的含量高，差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。结论：妊娠期体内氧化和抗氧化失衡及ET水平的增高可能与ICP的发生、发展有关。     

Organization of the state space of a simple recurrent network before and after training on recursive linguistic structures.

Recurrent neural networks are often employed in the cognitive science community to process symbol sequences that represent various natural language structures. The aim is to study possible neural mechanisms of language processing and aid in development of artificial language processing systems. We used data sets containing recursive linguistic structures and trained the Elman simple recurrent network (SRN) for the next-symbol prediction task. Concentrating on neuron activation clusters in the recurrent layer of SRN we investigate the network state space organization before and after training. Given a SRN and a training stream, we construct predictive models, called neural prediction machines, that directly employ the state space dynamics of the network. We demonstrate two important properties of representations of recursive symbol series in the SRN. First, the clusters of recurrent activations emerging before training are meaningful and correspond to Markov prediction contexts. We show that prediction states that naturally arise in the SRN initialized with small random weights approximately correspond to states of Variable Memory Length Markov Models (VLMM) based on individual symbols (i.e. words). Second, we demonstrate that during training, the SRN reorganizes its state space according to word categories and their grammatical subcategories, and the next-symbol prediction is again based on the VLMM strategy. However, after training, the prediction is based on word categories and their grammatical subcategories rather than individual words. Our conclusion holds for small depths of recursions that are comparable to human performances. The methods of SRN training and analysis of its state space introduced in this paper are of a general nature and can be used for investigation of processing of any other symbol time series by means of SRN.