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1.
Mother's education and perinatal problems in Finland. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
E Hemminki J Meril?inen M Malin O Rahkonen J Teperi 《International journal of epidemiology》1992,21(4):720-724
This study using nationwide data expands a previous study from one area in Finland. The purpose was to study how perinatal problems (mortality, short gestation, low birthweight and low Apgar scores) vary by mother's social class, which is measured by level of education. Outcomes of all births in the 1987 Medical Birth Register were linked to the 1988 National Education Register with gives the estimated number of years of completed education. In unadjusted analyses, the lowest educational groups (less than 9 years) had the worst results for outcomes other than neonatal mortality. Results in the two highest educational groups (greater than or equal to 13 and 12 years of education) were similar and if anything, better in the second highest group. Excluding twins and adjusting for confounding variables (age, parity, county, urbanization of residence) by logistic regression analysis did not alter the results much. Adjustment for possible mechanisms correlated with social class (marital status, smoking, time of first antenatal visit) decreased the higher occurrence of low birthweight infants in the low educational groups. Reported previous miscarriages were more common in the higher educational groups. Based on the available background characteristics one would expect to have found the usual social gradient in perinatal problems to have persisted between the two highest educational groups. Further studies on factors causing the plateau in the gradient between these groups might be useful. 相似文献
2.
Malin Ernberg Sigvard Kopp 《Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》2002,60(9):1004-10; discussion 1010-11
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration and volumes of ropivacaine for dental anesthesia as regards onset and duration of action. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy individuals with a mean age of 32 years participated in the study on a voluntary basis. All subjects received a ropivacaine injection in 1 of 3 randomized concentrations (2.0, 5.0, or 7.5 mg/mL) for infiltration anesthesia and mandibular nerve block in a double-blind manner. The onset time and duration of anesthesia were assessed by electric pulp test, pinprick test of the gingiva, and presence of feeling of numbness of the lip. RESULTS: Regardless of dose, only 5 patients received pulpal anesthesia after infiltration, but all 3 concentrations anesthetized the gingiva and upper lip. The onset of pulpal anesthesia occurred less than 5 minutes after injection and lasted for 4 to 58 minutes. Pinprick anesthesia lasted for 8 to 48 minutes, and numbness of the upper lip lasted 1 to 4 hours. The effectiveness of the mandibular nerve block with regard to pulpal anesthesia was dose dependent. Only ropivacaine at 7.5 mg/mL produced sufficient anesthesia. The onset of pulpal anesthesia occurred less than 10 minutes after injection and lasted for 2 to 6 hours. Pinprick anesthesia lasted for 3 to 6 hours and numbness of the lower lip lasted for 5 to 9 hours. CONCLUSION: This study shows that ropivacaine could be useful as a local anesthetic for mandibular nerve block in dentistry and that the very long duration of both pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia may be favorable in reducing postoperative pain. 相似文献
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Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized tumour of immature granulocytes that is usually associated with myelogenous leukaemia. We report an unusual case of mastoid GS with meningeal extension but no bone marrow involvement on presentation. Histological examination of the surgical specimen and the characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology showing cytoplasmic granulations and Auer bodies led to the diagnosis of GS. Positive cytochemical staining of the immature CSF cells for naphtol-ASD chloroacetate esterase and myeloperoxidase confirmed their myeloid origin. Immunophenotyping did not reveal common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen, cytokeratin, T or B-cell antigens. The patient underwent surgical resection of the localized tumour, followed by radiation therapy, intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy, as if he had acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). He did not develop AML in the 21 months after the tumour resection. This case emphasizes the value of CSF cytological examination of tumour cells and the use of an immumocytochemical marker for differentiating GS from malignant lymphoma. 相似文献
5.
Schwenkreis P Liepert J Witscher K Fischer W Weiller C Malin JP Tegenthoff M 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2000,135(3):293-299
The aim of our study was to measure the effects of the glutamate antagonist riluzole on different parameters of motor excitability, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during 7 days of riluzole administration, and to correlate these effects with riluzole plasma levels. Nine healthy volunteers received a dose of 100 mg riluzole from day 1 to 7 of the study period. Electrophysiological examinations were performed on day 1 before and 2 h, 5 h and 8 h after riluzole administration, on day 2, day 3 and day 5 before riluzole administration, and on day 8. Plasma samples were taken simultaneously. The excitability of the motor cortex, supraspinal and spinal motor pathways was tested by studying intracortical facilitation and inhibition, the cortical silent period and motor threshold after TMS, as well as the peripheral silent period and F-wave amplitudes after electrical peripheral nerve stimulation. We found a significant reduction of intracortical facilitation, which correlated significantly with riluzole plasma levels. To a lesser extent, intracortical inhibition was enhanced on day 1, motor threshold was increased on day 8 and F-wave amplitudes were reduced. These changes did not correlate with riluzole plasma levels. We conclude that the main effect of riluzole in vivo is a reduction of intracortical facilitation, which is closely related to the drug's level in the plasma. The most probable mechanism involves an effect on glutamatergic synaptic transmission. 相似文献
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Priming by DNA immunization augments protective efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin against tuberculosis 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19 下载免费PDF全文
Feng CG Palendira U Demangel C Spratt JM Malin AS Britton WJ 《Infection and immunity》2001,69(6):4174-4176
Sequential immunization with mycobacterial antigen Ag85B-expressing DNA and Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was more effective than BCG immunization in protecting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Depletion of the CD8(+) T cells in the immunized mice impaired protection in their spleens, indicating that this improved efficacy was partially mediated by CD8(+) T cells. 相似文献
8.
Genetic diversity in human-derived Pneumocystis carinii isolates from four geographical locations shown by analysis of mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences. 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
A E Wakefield C C Fritscher A S Malin L Gwanzura W T Hughes R F Miller 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1994,32(12):2959-2961
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis carinii is a frequent cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we have compared the DNA sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rRNA gene of P. carinii (an informative locus showing up to 27% differences among isolates of P. carinii from human-, rat-, mouse-, ferret-, rabbit-, and horse-infected lungs) obtained from human-derived isolates from widely disparate geographical areas, including Britain, the United States, Brazil, and Zimbabwe. A single-base polymorphism which varied among samples was identified. Apart from this nucleotide, the DNA sequences of all samples were identical. The sequences of the British samples were shown to be stable over a period of 4 years. These data suggest that there is relatively low genetic diversity among isolates of human-derived P. carinii from different global regions. 相似文献
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