Soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck in adults

We reviewed the clinical records and pathologic material of 176 adults with primary soft tissue sarcomas treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1950 and 1985. Seventy-two patients (41%) had low-grade sarcomas and 104 (59%) had high-grade sarcomas. All but 18 patients underwent some form of excision as initial therapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with surgical excision showed no significant effect. A significantly increased risk of treatment failure was associated with large tumor size, positive surgical margins, bone involvement, local recurrence, metastatic spread, and high histologic grade. Except for recurrence, the p value by univariate analysis in the log-rank test for comparison of survival according to these clinical and pathologic characteristics was p less than 0.0001. Although the overall survival was 75% at 2 years, 55% at 5 years, and 46% at 10 years, only 20% of the patients with high-grade sarcomas were alive 10 years after treatment. Most patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, high-grade peripheral nerve tumor, and high-grade fibrous histiocytoma and all patients with high-grade angiosarcoma died of disease less than 5 years after diagnosis. New therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the survival of adult patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck.     

Melatonin Levels in the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fish, Amphibians, and a Reptile

Melatonin was detected by radioimmunoassay in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of several species of fish (sturgeon, rainbow trout, carp), amphibians (axolotl, leopard frog, bullfrog), and one reptile (red-sided garter snake), which were sacrificed during the daytime. The highest levels of melatonin were detected in the snake [means = 1018 pg/g stomach, 328 pg/g proximal gut (PG), 511 distal gut (DG)] and carp (means = 102 pg/g stomach, 146 pg/g PG and 141 pg/g DG). Lowest levels were found in the axolotl (means = 44 pg/g stomach and PG, 92 pg/g DG) and the bullfrog (means = 73 pg/g esophagus, 78 pg/g stomach, 20 pg/g PG, and 152 pg/g DG). In most cases there were no statistically significant differences in the melatonin levels among various GIT tissues of the same species but there were differences in tissue levels between different species.     

Pleural effusion following coronary perforation during balloon angioplasty: an unusual presentation of the postpericardiotomy syndrome.

We report on the development of features of the postpericardiotomy syndrome following coronary perforation during balloon angioplasty, in a patient that was managed conservatively. The case illustrates that while cardiac tamponade does not invariably follow coronary perforation, late consequences derived from this complication may occur. It also widens the spectrum of conditions where the postpericardiotomy syndrome has been observed.     

Phase II study of high-dose ifosfamide in hepatocellular carcinoma

Summary A phase II study of high-dose ifosfamide in hepatocellular carcinoma was conducted among 17 Chinese patients. The dose of ifosfamide used was 2.5 g/m² daily given as a continuous infusion for 5 days. In all, 15 patients were evaluable for tumour response. There was no complete or partial responder. The treatment was well tolerated. The most frequent toxicity was alopecia, which occurred in 11 patients, and 5 patients developed mild haematological toxicity. There was no evidence of liver or bladder toxicity. Overall, 14 patients were evaluable for survival. The median survival was 92 days (range, 30–568 days). We conclude that high-dose ifosfamide is well tolerated but ineffective in hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients.     

Expression of beta-2-microglobulin by nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Serum beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) levels of 274 Chinese patients with different stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at presentation and that of 35 patients who developed distant metastases post-treatment were assayed. beta 2M level was found to increase with advancing stage of disease, with statistically significant differences among early-stage, advanced-stage, and metastatic disease. Elevated pre-treatment beta 2M levels were expressed more frequently by tumours with lower degree of histological differentiation. The sensitivity of serum beta 2M for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, however, is low.     

The gene for prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), uniquely expressed in exocrine organs,maps to chromosome 7

The hormonally responsive prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), gene is expressed in benign and malignant breast tumor tissues and in such normal exocrine organs as sweat, salivary, and lacrimal glands. In this communication we report the regional chromosome localization of the PIPgene locus to chromosome 7 by Southern hybridization to DNA from human-hamster somatic cell hybrids, and to 7q32–36 by in situ hybridization.     

Congenital infection by human cytomegalovirus with a 65 bp deletion in the morphological transforming region II

Summary Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is an important cause of neonatal death. Using primers derived from sequences within the morphological transforming region II (mtrII), HCMV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from fixed tissues of infants who had died of congenital HCMV infection. In one neonate, HCMV DNA with reduction in the expected size was detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, und thyroid tissues by gel electrophoresis. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR product revealed a 65bp frame-shift deletion within the 79 amino acid open reading frame (ORF) of themtrII. Based upon this observation, it is likely that viral genomic rearrangement involving themtrII may occur in some cases of congenital HCMV infection.     

Novel HLA-A*11 allele, A*1120, identified by sequence-based typing

In this report, we describe the identification of a human leucocyte antigen-A*11 (HLA-A*11) nucleotide sequence variant, a new HLA-A*1120 by using sequence-based typing (SBT). The new allele was detected during routine HLA typing by high-resolution SBT. Allele A*1120 showed one nucleotide difference with A*110101 at codon 152 (GCG-->GAG) resulting in an amino acid change from alanine to glutamate. Residue 152 is located on alpha(2)-helix of HLA class I molecule and involved in peptide binding by constructing E pocket of peptide-binding groove, implying that the change of the residue 152 would affect the binding affinity of peptides to A*1120 allele.