Functional status of urinary tract after plastic surgery of the urinary bladder with a segment of the ileum (experimental study)

Replacement of the gall bladder with an isolated ileal segment was made to evaluate function of the urinary tracts depending on configuration of the created urine reservoir early and late after the operation in dogs. Intestinoplasty of the gall bladder changes parameters of ureteral function. Upper urinary tract urodynamics after ileocystoplasty is characterized by lowering of intraureteral pressure, decreased amplitude of the contractions, high tonicity and motility. The intestinal bladder has the same mean basal pressure at rest but less when full than the control animals. Reflex urination after the bladder reconstruction in subtotal resection was intact. Detubulized urinary reservoir had low intravesical pressure and no spontaneous contraction activity.     

Mast cells and innervation of the wall of the hyperactive urinary bladder

Anterior urinary bladder wall biopsy specimens were examined in 24 males and 4 females, aged 52 to 76 years, who had been suffering from the hyperactive urinary bladder for 1-10 years. Increases in the number and activity of interstitial mast cells and their degranulation and the symptoms of chronic immune inflammation were revealed. Neuromuscular spastic dysfunction of the detrusor is considered to result from the activation of mast cells.     

艾滋病合并隐球菌脑膜炎18例临床分析

目的　提高对艾滋病 (AIDS)合并隐球菌脑膜炎的认识。方法　对赤道几内亚巴塔地区医院 18例AIDS合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者进行临床综合分析。结果　 18例AIDS合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者的临床主要表现为 :发热、剧烈头痛、极度乏力、肢体痛、脑膜刺激征及消瘦与脱水等。脑脊液 (CSF)培养均为新型隐球菌生长 ;涂片及隐球菌多糖荚膜抗原 (ELISA法 )检测的阳性率分别为 77 8% (14/ 18) ,94 4% (17/ 18)。结论　隐球菌脑膜炎为AIDS常见机会性感染及主要致死病因之一。     

Balancing high accrual and ethical recruitment in paediatric oncology: a qualitative study of the 'look and feel' of clinical trial discussions

Background  

High accrual to clinical trials enables new treatment strategies to be tested rapidly, accurately and with generalisability. Ethical standards also must be high so that participation is voluntary and informed. However, this can be difficult to achieve in trials with complex designs and in those which are closely embedded in clinical practice. Optimal recruitment requires a balance of both ethical and accrual considerations. In the context of a trial of stratified treatments for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (UKALL2003) we examined how recruitment looked to an observer and how it felt to the parents, to identify how doctors' communication could promote or inhibit optimal recruitment.     

A murine model of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation using intranasally administered smoke-conditioned medium

To date, few animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exist that are ideal for the evaluation of pathophysiology, as they typically require many months of cigarette smoke exposure in inhalation facilities. Here we show that pulmonary inflammation and some of the inflammatory hallmarks of COPD can be induced in mice by cigarette smoke-conditioned media (CS) administered by the intranasal route. Balb/c mice were challenged with CS for up to 40 days. At the end of smoke treatment, mice were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collected. Total cell counts and cell differentials were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for KC and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were performed on BAL fluid. Lungs and nasal cavities were examined histologically. Intranasal CS treatment significantly increased BAL neutrophils, lymphocytes, KC, TNF-alpha, and mucin. Changes in pulmonary reactivity to methacholine were also observed in mice challenged with CS for 40 days. The model described above demonstrates that within 1 to 8 weeks of intranasal instillation of CS, mice develop pulmonary inflammation and cellular lung changes that are characteristic of human COPD and therefore may be a good short-term in vivo model that can be utilized to monitor intervention strategies targeted for COPD.     

Combined therapy of voiding irritative disorders after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with Andro-Gin

The results of operative and rehabilitative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was analysed for 69 BPH patients with postoperative irritative disorders of voiding. The patients were divided into four groups by rehabilitative therapy: group 1 received antibacterial therapy; group 2--antibacterial therapy+alpha-adrenoblockers; group 3--antibacterial therapy+transrectal laser and magnetic physiotherapy; group 4--antibacterial therapy+alpha-adrenoblockers+transrectal laser and magnetic physiotherapy. The worst result was obtained in group 1, the best one in groups 3 and 4 (the response was compatible). Thus, the addition of physiotherapy to the complex of postoperative rehabilitation of patients operated for BPH is justified and provides treatment improvement.     

A multicentric variant of renal carcinoma growth

78 kidneys removed for cancer in 1999-2002 were studied for multifocal growth of the tumor. The results demonstrated a direct correlation between multicenter growth of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), size of the primary tumor and stage of the disease. Most of the additional foci were detected at the distance of more than 2.0 cm from the primary tumor, i.e. outside the safety zones in conduction of organ-saving operations. Frequent coincidence of a morphological type of the primary and additional tumors (70%), degree of cell differentiation (80%) and higher incidence of multifocality in infiltrative growth of the primary tumor support the existing hypophysis about the role of intra-organ metastasizing as the underlying cause of multifocal lesions. Also, the study confirmed low preoperative detection of multifocality: 1.8% preoperatively and 19.2% under investigation.