Ethyl lactate as a potential green solvent to extract hydrophilic (polar) and lipophilic (non-polar) phytonutrients simultaneously from fruit and vegetable by-products

Phytonutrients extracted from natural resources are receiving much attention among researchers due to their highly antioxidative characteristics which prevent several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. These nutraceutical compounds can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as natural antioxidants, preservatives, colourants and functional foods. Huge volume of food wastes are generated from the processing industry and these low-value food residues are rich in various phytonutrients worth recovering. This approach of valorisation reduces the generation of food wastes and is cost-effective considering the cheap feedstock, reduced waste management expenses and high market value of extracted compounds. In light of the health and safety risks posed by commonly used organic extraction solvents derived from the petrochemical industry, there is a need to recover the phytonutrients using green, sustainable and efficient solvents that are safe for human consumption. This work discusses ethyl lactate as a safe, green, efficient and potentially cheap solvent to recover phytonutrients from fruit and vegetable by-products. Ethyl lactate is compared with other organic solvents commonly used from the aspects of safety, environmental impacts and efficiency. Current challenges when employing ethyl lactate are also discussed.     

Vergütungsanspruch einer Kieferorthopädin nach Verzicht auf Ermächtigung

Abstrakt 1. § 95b Abs. 3 S. 1 SGB V normiert eine Schuldübernahme i.S. des § 69 S. 3 SGB V i.V. mit § 414 BGB. 2. Ein Vertrags(zahn)arzt, der in einem mit Kollegen aufeinander abgestimmten Verfahren oder Verhalten auf seine Zulassung verzichtet, ist im Anschluss hieran nicht berechtigt, nach Ma?gabe des § 95 Abs. 3 SGB V Versicherte der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung als Behandlungsf?lle, die erst nach dem Verzicht aufgenommen werden, zu behandeln. (Leits?tze des Bearbeiters)     

指背腱膜的解剖学研究

目的 探讨指背腱膜的构成特点及临床意义。方法 在30只成人尸体手标本上，通过模拟手术，对指背腱膜的构成特点进行了应用解剖学观测。结果 指背腱膜的构成复杂，其中的外侧腱束、外侧束、外侧腱和中央束在手指畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。外侧腱束主要形成伸近节指间关节的功能解剖机制；其与外侧束形成的密切纤维联系而具有协同外侧腱的功能；该腱束与屈肌腱鞘有联系又使其具有平衡屈肌和伸肌肌力的作用。中央束在指背腱膜的整体协调、畸形的发生及矫正过程中起着重要的功能。结论 通过对指背腱膜的解剖研究，可以解释因指屈、伸肌腱平衡被破坏后所形成的畸形。     

Cat-301 immunoreactivity in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex of the strabismic amblyopic cat

Purpose: It was investigated whether alterations in neuronal structure and function occasioned by strabismic amblyopia also may be reflected in alterations in the expression on Y type neurons of a Cat-301 antibody sensitive antigen in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and cortex of our cat model of strabismic amblyopia. Methods/Results: The percentage of positively labelled cells was reduced in LGN laminae that received input from the deviated eye in strabismic amblyopic cats compared with normal cats. In the strabismic cortex, the density of immunopositive neurons was significantly reduced compared with normal, the effect being most pronounced in layer IV Conclusions: Despite previous physiological recordings indicating a decrease in X-cell associated acuity in strabismic amblyopia, the present findings imply that the changes in the early visual experience occasioned by strabismus also produce specific molecular changes in theY neuronal class.     

麦冬类中药组织切片计算机三维重建图鉴

利用计算机技术实现麦冬类中药组织连续切片三维重建与动态显示,为计算机辅助生药学鉴定和教学提供了新的三维图像技术和研究资料。     

小血管套叠粘接吻合法在血液透析者中建立动静脉内瘘的应用

慢性肾病患者常需要建立动静脉内瘘进行透析，常规间断缝合法吻合动静脉难度大、耗时长。为了缩短吻合时间，提高远期通畅率，进行了套叠粘接吻合法建立动静脉内瘘的实验研究，并将这一方法应用于透析患者建立动静脉内瘘的血管吻合。将动脉端套入静脉端，只需吻合两针，用医用胶封闭吻合口。经８个月观察，通畅率达１００％，血流量均超过３００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。达到了透析需要。     

Evacuation of hematomas using liposuction technology: Technique and literature review

Established nonexpanding hematomas can be successfully treated with minimal morbidity using standard liposucstion techniques at the bedside or in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia. The authors presents a series of eight patients and discuss current concepts of dealing with this common and distressing surgical complication.     

2-甲酰(乙酰)取代喹啉缩氨基硫脲的合成

缩氨基硫脲类化合物有抗肿瘤、抗病毒和抗菌等多种药理活性。Barret等首次报道了乙二醛二缩氨基硫脲(Ⅰ)的抗疟活性。Klayman等研究了缩     

Berücksichtigung von „KO-Leistungen“ bei der Bestimmung des Individualbudgets hausärztlicher Leistungserbringer

Abstrakt Bei der Bestimmung des Individualbudgets eines haus?rztlich t?tigen Vertragsarztes sind auch von diesem im Bemessungszeitraum zul?ssig erbrachte sog. „KO-Leistungen“ zu berücksichtigen. Es ist irrelevant, wenn diese Leistungen nach Ende des Bemessungszeitraums vom Leistungserbringer nicht mehr abgerechnet werden dürfen. (Leitsatz des Bearbeiters)