Detection of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria in Retail Fish Market Water Samples of Vashi,Navi Mumbai

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Occurrence of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) is being reported regularly by various researchers. But there...     

Influence of polycystic ovary syndrome on the periodontal health of Indian women visiting a secondary health care centre

Objectives

Periodontal disease and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) share risk factors like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, along with evidence of chronic inflammation in the two conditions. Evaluating the influence of PCOS on periodontal health would, therefore, identify a possible association.

Materials and methods

Sixty women, divided into equal groups of PCOS and healthy patients, were clinically examined for periodontal parameters like probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (mGI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FI), triglycerides (TG), and free testosterone along with serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were the biochemical parameters evaluated.

Results

Women with PCOS had statistically significant differences in mGI, PI, testosterone, FBS, and TG when compared with healthy women (p < 0.05). MDA levels in serum and GCF between women with PCOS and controls were also significantly different. BOP and mGI showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.45 and 0.44) with serum levels of MDA. Relatively greater gingival inflammation was observed in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls, independent of the risk factors present.

Conclusion

PCOS seemed to have an impact on gingival inflammation, in addition to the effect of dental plaque and other local factors in the oral cavity, in PCOS patients when compared with healthy individuals.

Clinical relevance

Women diagnosed with PCOS may have probabaility of co-existing gingival inflammation. Therefore, emphasis on medical treatment for PCOS and periodic screening for periodontal disease may be warranted.

     

Left atrial mechanical responses to right ventricular pacing in heart failure patients: implications for atrial fibrillation

Left Atrial Function During Right Ventricular Pacing. Background: RV pacing (RVP), even with preserved atrioventricular (AV) synchrony, may lead to left atrial (LA) enlargement and atrial fibrillation. However, inciting events are unknown. We hypothesized that RVP acutely impairs LA function by mechanisms affecting atrial contraction and/or ventricular diastole. Methods: LA function in ICD patients (n = 31, LVEF ≤ 40%) and controls (n = 14, LVEF > 50%) was contrasted between intrinsic conduction versus RVP during asynchronous (ICD, n = 17, control, n = 7), and synchronous (ICD, n = 14, control, n = 14) pacing at long (LAVd, 107 ±16 ms) and short (SAVd, 31 ± 5 ms) AV delays. LA maximal volume (LA_Max), minimal volume (LA_Min), and emptying fraction {LA_EmF = (LA_Max–LA_Min)/LA_Max} were measured echocardiographically. Six‐segment mean mitral annular tissue doppler E′ (global E′) assessed diastolic recoil during baseline and LAVd. Results: In the ICD group, LA_Min increased by 42% (P < 0.0009) during VVI, by 31% (P = 0.0002) during SAVd, and by 17% (P < 0.0007) during LAVd. LA_EmF decreased by 44% (P < 0.0008), 27% (P < 0.0001), and by 15% (P = 0.003) during VVI, SAVd, and LAVd respectively. LA_Max was unaltered. Global E′ was reduced by 12%. In control, LA_Min increased and LA_EmF decreased significantly during VVI (82 and 58%) and SAVd (46 and 41%), but not during LAVd. Conclusion: In patients with LV dysfunction, RVP acutely impaired LA emptying, and increased minimal volume, most prominently when atrial contraction was impeded (VVI, DDD‐SAVd) but also when completed (DDD‐LAVd), indicating impaired diastolic recoil as an important mechanism. When LV function was normal, similar changes were present when atrial filling is impeded (VVI, SAVd), but not when completed (LAVd) . (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 866‐874, August 2011)     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel sulfone-linked bis heterocycles

Novel sulfone-linked bis heterocycles pyrazolines in combination with thiadiazoles, oxadiazoles and triazoles were prepared from E-styrylsulfonylacetic acid methyl ester and tested for their antimicrobial activity. The compound 8 showed pronounced activity than the compounds 6 and 7.     

Nonseptic and Septic Lateral Sinus Thrombosis: A Review

Thrombosis of the lateral sinus can be classified into nonseptic lateral sinus thrombosis and septic lateral sinus thrombosis. Nonseptic lateral sinus thrombosis differs from septic lateral sinus thrombosis in that it is not associated with ear or sinus infection. Etiologies of these conditions are different and hence the management of these conditions is different. Nonseptic lateral sinus thrombosis requires medical line of management and anticoagulant therapy, where as septic lateral sinus thrombosis needs surgical treatment along with antibiotics therapy. An otologist should be familiar with the septic lateral sinus thrombosis existence and nonseptic variant lateral sinus thrombosis for early recognition and initiation of appropriate treatment.     

Biological evaluation of sulfone derivatives as anti-inflammatory and tumor cells growth inhibitory agents

A variety of sulfone derivatives including three dimethyl arylsulfonyl malonates (1-3), two bis-(arylethenesulfonyl)-vinyl benzenes (4 and 5) and a sulfone triazole (6) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory as well as tumor cells growth inhibitory activities in vitro. The sulfone derivatives 1, 2, 3 and 6 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma activated murine peritoneal macrophages, without displaying cytotoxicity. The inhibitory mechanism is found through reducing iNOS protein expression. In addition, the derivatives 1-3 significantly arrest mitogen-stimulated spleen cells in G0/G1 stage, whereas compounds 4-6 blocked the same in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the sulfone derivatives 3 and 6 showed dramatically reduction in the ratio of IFN-gamma to IL-4 production from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. On the other hand, the novel compounds exhibited interesting cytotoxic activities against a panel of cell lines, particularly, 20 muM of compound 3 showed 50% cytotoxic effect on human hepatoma cell line, but has no effect on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, compound 3 showed interesting anti-inflammatory and tumor cells growth inhibitory functions.     

Patterns of Relative Telomere Length is Associated With hTERT Gene Expression in the Tissue of Patients With Breast Cancer

Background

Homeostasis of telomere in breast cancer might be altered as a result of cumulative effects of various factors causing genomic instability and affecting prognosis. This study aimed to compare the relative telomere length (RTL) and hTERT mRNA expression in the tissue of patients with breast cancer along with the clinicopathologic parameters.

Synthesis of Pyrimidine Incorporated Piperazine Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity

Thiophene substituted chalcones (1a-e) were cyclised with thiourea in presence of potassium hydroxide to get 4-substituted-6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine-2-thiols (2a-e) which were then stirred with methyl iodide to obtain 4-substituted-2-(methylsulfanyl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidines (3a-e). Compounds (3a-e) were refluxed with different N-methylpiperazine and N-phenylpiperazine to afford 4-substituted-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidines (4a-e) and 4-substituted-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidines (5a-e). The structures of all the newly synthesised compounds 4b, 4d, 5a and 5b showed good antibacterial activity at 40μg/mlconcentration. Compounds 4a, 4d, 4e, 5c and 5e showed significant antifungal activity at 40 μg/ml concentration compared with standard drugs.