Microcystis aeruginosa removal by the combination of ultrasound and TiO2/biochar

Harmful cyanobacteria blooms are increasing. They call for novel removal technology, since the required doses of algaecides may cause further environmental pollution or damage treatment facilities. Undesirable intracellular compounds can be released in the water when cyanobacterial cells are damaged. For the first time, ultrasound irradiation was combined with TiO₂/biochar (TiO₂/BC) at relatively low dosage and tested as an alternative for promoting the coagulation of Microcystis aeruginosa in water treatment. This pre-oxidation process removed 92% of cyanobacterial cells after coagulation. With the combination of ultrasound and TiO₂/BC treatment, the dissolved organic carbon and microcystins levels did not increase significantly. The oxidative treatments enhanced the permeability of the cyanobacterial cell membranes, which may be due to the various active species generated from the ultrasound and TiO₂/BC process. The results showed that the TiO₂/BC hybrid catalyst could be a potential candidate for cyanobacterial cells removal in water.

Ultrasound irradiation was combined with TiO₂/biochar (TiO₂/BC) at relatively low dosage to promote the coagulation of Microcystis aeruginosa.     

应用临床路径对住院脑梗塞病人实施健康教育

目的为提高健康教育质量,使健康教育达到最佳教育效果,以满足病人对健康知识的需求.方法将2003年3月～2004年3月122例住院脑梗塞病人随机分为两组,实验组采用健康教育路径进行健康教育,对照组采用传统方法进行健康教育.结果实验组接受健康教育后对护理质量满意度及健康知识掌握与对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论应用临床路径进行健康教育是一种行之有效的工作方式,可使患者全面、系统、有效掌握健康知识,提高患者生活质量.     

脾切除加断流术治疗门静脉高压症并发上消化道出血的疗效观察

门脉高压症并发上消化道出血为外科常见急诊,由于病情危重,是普外科高病死率疾病之一.我院自2002年3月至2004年3月,采用脾切除加贲门周围血管离断手术治疗肝硬变门脉高压并上消化道出血患者18例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

浅谈护士在社区健康教育中应具备的语言技巧

社区健康教育关系到社区群众对于健康所持有的知识、态度和行为的改变,并致力于引导人们养成有益健康的行为,从而达到最佳的健康状态。护士在社区健康教育的过程中应恰当运用发声、开场、提问、答题、交流、结束等技巧,尽量做到词汇通俗易懂,语义准确,语音清晰,语法规范,语调适宜,语速适当,才能使社区健康教育活动取得预期的效果。     

老年男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者认知功能改变的初步分析及护理

目的 探讨老年男性糖尿病患者认知损伤的特点，为护士制订病人认知功能训练计划提供理论依据。方法 糖尿病患者43例，对照组50例，进行总体认知功能、词语学习、词语记忆、词语再认、视觉记忆、思维判断、空间技能、词语流畅、加工速度、空间执行功能等认知测试。结果 老年男性糖尿病患者简易智力状态检查（MMSE）成绩、学习能力、画钟表测验成绩显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。老年男性糖尿病患者的认知功能成绩与糖尿病病程、发病年龄、伴随的脑梗死、心肌梗死、高血脂、高血压病无关。结论 老年男性糖尿病患者存在以学习和执行功能为主的认知功能减退。认知功能减退与所伴随的脑梗塞、心肌梗塞、高血脂、高血压病无关。     

头位妊娠产程进展中B超检查的应用及其意义

目的 探讨B超检查在头位妊娠产程中的应用及其意义。方法 选择头位妊娠活跃期进展迟缓或停滞的孕妇240例，随机分为观察组与对照组（各120例）。观察组用B超确定胎方位，对照组行阴道内检查确定胎方位，然后给予相应处理。对比两组诊断符合情况、剖宫产率、产褥感染率及新生儿窒息率。结果 观察组诊断符合情况与对照组相当，剖宫产率、产褥感染率及新生儿窒息率均较低（P〈0．05）。结论 B超检查是产程进展中确定胎方位的较好方法。     

甲状腺机能亢进症并发甲状腺机能亢进性心脏病相关因素分析

目的 甲状腺机能亢进性心脏病是甲状腺机能亢进症的常见并发症。本研究通过对甲亢患者进行回顾性分析，探讨其易发的相关因素，临床特点。方法 526例甲亢患者中，明确诊断有甲亢心者48例。采用向前逐步筛选变量法行Logistic多因素回归分析。原因因素包括性别、年龄、病程、病情、发病情况、是否规律治疗及有无其他并发症。结果 甲亢心的发生与患者年龄、病程、病情、是否规律治疗密切相关。结论 甲亢易并发甲亢心的因素较多：包括年龄、病程、病情、是否规律治疗。提示对于年龄偏大、病程长、病情重、未行规律治疗的甲亢患者要重视甲亢心的发生，可给予必要的预防与治疗。     

Evidence for racial/ethnic disparities in emergency department visits following breast cancer surgery among women in California: a population-based study

Purpose

Racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer outcomes may be related to quality of care and reflected in emergency department (ED) visits following primary treatment. We examined racial/ethnic variation in ED visits following breast cancer surgery.

Methods

Using linked data from the California Cancer Registry and California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, we identified 151,229 women diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer between 2005 and 2013 who received surgical treatment. Differences in odds of having at least one breast cancer-related ED visit within 90 days post-surgery were estimated with logistic regression controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables. Secondary analyses examined health care-related moderators of disparities.

Results

Hispanics and non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks had an increased likelihood of having an ED visit within 90 days of surgery compared to NH Whites [OR?=?1.11 (1.04–1.18), p?=?0.0016; OR?=?1.38 (1.27–1.50), p?<?0.0001, respectively]; the likelihood was reduced in Asian/Pacific Islanders [aOR?=?0.77 (0.71–0.84), p?<?0.0001]. Medicaid and Medicare (vs. commercial insurance) increased the likelihood of ED visit for NH Whites, and to a lesser degree for Hispanics and NH Blacks (p?<?0.0001 for interaction). Receipt of surgery at an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center or at a for-profit (vs. non-profit) hospital was associated with reduced likelihood of ED visits for all groups.

Conclusion

Racial/ethnic disparities in ED visits following breast cancer surgery persist after controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables. Improving quality of care following breast cancer surgery could improve outcomes for all groups.

     

Renoprotection of Danshen Injection on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,associated with tubular function and structure

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Danshen Injection, the aqueous extracts of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese herbs in chronic renal failure treatment. In present study, the mechanism of the renoprotective effect of Danshen Injection was analyzed on streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and methods

Diabetic experimental model was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats with blood glucose concentration of higher than 300 mg/dl were intraperitoneally administered with Danshen Injection at a dose of 0.78 ml/kg day. The blood glucose, 24 h urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), lipid peroxide (LPO), antioxidant enzyme of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and histomorphological changes in kidney of diabetic rats were analyzed during the course of Danshen Injection administration, as well as the tubular function index of albumin reabsorption of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA).

Results

The intraperitoneal administration of Danshen Injection could ameliorate the physiological dysfunctions of increased 24 h urinary protein excretion((48.21±8.04)%), sCr((39.4±3.7)%), and BUN((43.37±6.74)%), alleviate the ultrastructural abnormalities of hypertrophy, matrix expansion, and fibrosis in glomerulus, decrease the TGF-β1 expression, AGEs and LPO accumulation, and increase the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in kidney of diabetic rats, but did not significantly influence the blood glucose. Besides these, the Danshen Injection administration also partly restored the decrease of megalin expression in tubules and reabsorptive function of FITC-BSA, in diabetic rats.

Conclusion

The renoprotection of Danshen Injection on diabetic rats was associated with the preservation of tubular function and structure from the hyperglycemia induced toxicities of inappropriate cytokines secretion, oxidative stress, advanced glycation stress, and megalin expression deletion.