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排序方式: 共有476条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Clinical illness associated with a commercial tick and flea product in dogs and cats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M E Mount G Moller J Cook D M Holstege E R Richardson A Ardans 《Veterinary and human toxicology》1991,33(1):19-27
A commercial flea and tick product containing 9.0% fenvalerate for use in dogs and cats was suspected of causing illness. An acute toxicity study was performed in 10 dogs and 10 cats exposed to the product orally (po) and dermally at differing doses. Samples were obtained for DEET and fenvalerate analysis. Oral dosing of dogs and cats produced severe clinical illness at doses as low as 0.66% of a can (7 ounce spray can)/kg body weight. Dermal application of the product resulted in minor clinical abnormalities in dogs. Oral exposure at 0.5% can/kg body weight resulted in severe illness, and dermal application caused severe illness or death in cats at 20% and 40% of a can/kg body weight. The cats receiving 10% of a can/kg body weight dermally became depressed for several hours but recovered uneventfully. Serum DEET concentrations closely paralleled the clinical signs observed in the animals. Serum concentrations of DEET above 20 ppm were considered diagnostic for intoxication. Urine concentrations of DEET above 1 ppm and tissue (liver, bile, and kidney) concentrations of DEET above 10 ppm were supportive of poisoning; values near 100 ppm were diagnostic for fatal poisoning. 相似文献
4.
T Andus V Gross A Holstege M Ott M Weber M David H Gallati W Gerok J Sch?lmerich 《Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)》1992,16(3):749-755
Ascites and plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 were measured in a prospective study in 34 patients (35 occasions of ascites) with hepatic (5 infected and 21 uninfected) and malignancy-related (9) ascites. All patients had high concentrations of both soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in ascites and plasma; these were about 500 times higher than the corresponding tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations. Ascites levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors p55 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors p75 were significantly elevated in patients with malignancy-related (p55: 26.0 +/- 8.6 ng/ml; p75: 20.5 +/- 17.4 ng/ml; mean +/- S.D.) and infected ascites (p55: 25.1 +/- 10.9 ng/ml, p75: 22.6 +/- 11.0 ng/ml) compared with patients with uncomplicated hepatic ascites (p55: 10.1 +/- 4.4 ng/ml; p75: 6.0 +/- 2.6 ng/ml). Patients with infected or malignancy-related ascites also showed higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor concentrations in plasma than did patients with plain hepatic ascites. Successful antibiotic treatment of peritonitis reduced soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and p75 ascites levels in three patients from 24.2 +/- 15.2 ng/ml to 10.7 +/- 1.9 ng/ml and from 20.2 +/- 14.4 ng/ml to 7.5 +/- 1.8 ng/ml, respectively. Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 at cutoff levels of 16.5 ng/ml and 9.5 ng/ml, respectively, differentiated between infected or malignant and plain hepatic ascites with diagnostic accuracies of 94% and 89%, respectively. They did not differentiate between infected and malignant ascites. The concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 were usually higher in ascites than in plasma in all subgroups of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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G. Holstege L. Meiners K. Tan 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1985,58(2):379-391
Summary Injections of HRP in the nucleus raphe magnus and adjoining medial reticular formation in the cat resulted in many labeled neurons in the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) but not in the medial part of this nucleus. HRP injections in the nucleus raphe pallidus and in the C2 segment of the spinal cord did not result in labeled neurons in the BNST. Injections of 3H-leucine in the BNST resulted in many labeled fibers in the brain stem. Labeled fiber bundles descended by way of the medial forebrain bundle and the central tegmental field to the lateral tegmental field of pons and medulla. Dense BNST projections could be observed to the substantia nigra pars compacta, the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, the PAG (except its dorsolateral part), the cuneiform nucleus, the nucleus raphe dorsalis, the locus coeruleus, the nucleus subcoeruleus, the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei, the lateral tegmental field of caudal pons and medulla and the nucleus raphe magnus and adjoining medial reticular formation. Furthermore many labeled fibers were present in the solitary nucleus, and in especially the peripheral parts of the dorsal vagal nucleus. Finally some fibers could be traced in the marginal layer of the rostral part of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus. These projections appear to be virtually identical to the ones derived from the medial part of the central nucleus of the amygdala (Hopkins and Holstege 1978). The possibility that the BNST and the medial and central amygdaloid nuclei must be considered as one anatomical entity is discussed.Abbreviations AA
anterior amygdaloid nucleus
- AC
anterior commissure
- ACN
nucleus of the anterior commissure
- ACO
cortical amygdaloid nucleus
- AL
lateral amygdaloid nucleus
- AM
medial amygdaloid nucleus
- APN
anterior paraventricular thalamic nucleus
- AQ
cerebral aqueduct
- BC
brachium conjunctivum
- BIC
brachium of the inferior colliculus
- BL
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus
- BNSTL
lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
- BNSTM
medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
- BP
brachium pontis
- CA
central nucleus of the amygdala
- Cd
caudate nucleus
- CI
inferior colliculus
- CL
claustrum
- CN
cochlear nucleus
- CP
posterior commissure
- CR
corpus restiforme
- CSN
superior central nucleus
- CTF
central tegmental field
- CU
cuneate nucleus
- D
nucleus of Darkschewitsch
- EC
external cuneate nucleus
- F
fornix
- G
gracile nucleus
- GP
globus pallidus
- HL
lateral habenular nucleus
- IC
interstitial nucleus of Cajal
- ICA
internal capsule
- IO
inferior olive
- IP
interpeduncular nucleus
- LC
locus coeruleus
- LGN
lateral geniculate nucleus
- LP
lateral posterior complex
- LRN
lateral reticular nucleus
- MGN
medial geniculate nucleus
- MLF
medial longitudinal fascicle
- NAdg
dorsal group of nucleus ambiguus
- NPC
nucleus of the posterior commissure
- nV
trigeminal nerve
- nVII
facial nerve
- OC
optic chiasm
- OR
optic radiation
- OT
optic tract
- P
pyramidal tract
- PAG
periaqueductal grey
- PC
cerebral peduncle
- PO
posterior complex of the thalamus
- POA
preoptic area
- prV
principal trigeminal nucleus
- PTA
pretectal area
- Pu
putamen
- PUL
pulvinar nucleus
- R
red nucleus
- RF
reticular formation
- RM
nucleus raphe magnus
- RP
nucleus raphe pallidus
- RST
rubrospinal tract
- S
solitary nucleus
- SC
suprachiasmatic nucleus
- SCN
nucleus subcoeruleus
- SI
substantia innominata
- SM
stria medullaris
- SN
substantia nigra
- SO
superior olive
- SOL
solitary nucleus
- SON
supraoptic nucleus
- spV
spinal trigeminal nucleus
- spVcd
spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis
- ST
stria terminalis
- TRF
retroflex tract
- VC
vestibular complex
- VTA
ventral tegmental area of Tsai
- III
oculomotor nucleus
- Vm
motor trigeminal nucleus
- VI
abducens nucleus
- VII
facial nucleus
- Xd
dorsal vagal nucleus
- XII
hypoglossal nucleus 相似文献
8.
Anderson RA; Wallace AM; Kicman AT; Wu FC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(8):1657-1662
Administration of supraphysiological doses of testosterone to normal men
causes inhibition of spermatogenesis, but while most become azoospermic,
30-55% maintain a low rate of spermatogenesis. We have investigated whether
there are differences in endogenous androgen production, of testicular and
adrenal origin, which may be related to the degree of suppression of
spermatogenesis. Thirty-three healthy Caucasian men were given weekly i.m.
injections of 200 mg testosterone oenanthate (TE), 18 became azoospermic,
while 15 remained oligozoospermic. Urinary excretion of epitestosterone, a
specific testicular product, was reduced to <10% of pretreatment values,
with no differences between the groups. Similar results were obtained for
other markers of testicular steroidogenesis. Urinary and plasma adrenal
androgens were also reduced during TE treatment: a statistically
significant decrease in both (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively)
was seen in the azoospermic but not oligozoospermic responders. These
results suggest that testicular steroidogenesis is decreased to <10% by
the administration of supraphysiological doses of exogenous testosterone.
Differences in the degree of ongoing steroidogenesis in the testis do not
appear to account for incomplete suppression of spermatogenesis, thus
differences in androgen metabolism may underlie this heterogeneous
response. A small but significant reduction in secretion of adrenal
androgens was also detectable, the relevance of which is unclear.
相似文献
9.
Since exogenous hemin has been shown to exert a variety of stimulatory effects on erythroid cells, including the augmentation of hemoglobin synthesis, we determined its effect on early stages of erythroid development by employing clonal cells assays. The addition of hemin at a concentration of 2 X 10(-4) M to cultures of normal murine marrow substantially increased the observed number of primitive BFU-E, which was in contrast to its lack of an effect on more mature erythroid colony-forming cells. This cell-specific enhancement of primitive BFU-E resulted in marrow frequencies equivalent to or exceeding those reported in the presence of "burst-promoting activity." In the presence of hemin, the number of BFU-E was also observed to be linearly related to the number of cells plated at very low plating densities, and the cell titration curve was observed to extrapolate to the origin. The evidence suggests that hemin may be a primary growth regulator of early developmental stages of erythroid progenitor cells. 相似文献
10.
Vanderhorst VG Terasawa E Ralston HJ Holstege G 《The Journal of comparative neurology》2000,424(2):233-250
The nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) consists of premotor neurons in the caudal medulla. It is involved in expiration, vomiting, vocalization, and probably reproductive behavior by means of projections to distinct motoneuronal cell groups. Because no information is available about the NRA and its efferent pathways in primates, the present study examines NRA projections to the lumbosacral spinal cord in female rhesus monkeys. To identify the NRA, wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the lumbosacral cord in three monkeys. To study the distribution of NRA axons in the lumbosacral cord, WGA-HRP injections were made into the NRA in seven monkeys. To identify motoneuronal cell groups receiving input from the NRA, the same seven monkeys also received cholera toxin subunit b (CTb) injections into different hindlimb, axial, and pelvic floor muscles. The results show that NRA neurons projecting to the lumbosacral cord are mainly located between 1 to 4 mm caudal to the obex. They send numerous axons to external oblique and pelvic floor motoneurons, whereas projections to iliopsoas and axial motoneurons are less numerous. The projections are bilateral, but show a clear contralateral predominance in the iliopsoas, axial, and pelvic floor motoneuronal cell groups. At the ultrastructural level, NRA-terminal profiles make asymmetrical contacts with labeled and unlabeled dendrites in these motoneuronal cell groups and contain large amounts of spherical and a few dense core vesicles. It is concluded that the NRA is well developed in the monkey and that there exists a direct pathway from the NRA to lumbosacral motoneurons in this species. The finding that the NRA projects to a somewhat different set of motoneuronal cell groups compared with other species fits the concept that it is not only involved in expiration-related activities but also in species specific receptive and submissive behavior. 相似文献