Pharmacy Fill Patterns in Young Urban Children with Persistent Asthma

Background. Medication adherence impacts healthcare utilization. Pharmacy records are useful to establish fill patterns. Objective. Use pharmacy records to establish medication patterns fill patterns for comparison to healthcare utilization. Methods. Pharmacy records of 175 children with persistent asthma were collected and compared to healthcare utilization. Results. Majority of subjects had significant healthcare utilization, low numbers of rescue medications, and poor controller medication fill rates. Those with more rescue medications had more healthcare utilization and more controller medications. Conclusions. Pharmacy fill patterns demonstrate few rescue and/or controller medication fills. Those with more rescue medications reported increased healthcare utilization despite controller medications.     

Rational prevention of calcium urolithiasis

Considerable progress has been made regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis and conservative management of urolithiasis. The cause of the disease can now be determined in nearly 80% of the patients. New stone formation may be prevented in the majority of patients by selective medical treatment. The metabolic, physicochemical and clinical effects of diet, thiazides, allopurinol, sodium cellulose phosphate and potassium-sodium citrate (Oxalyt-C) are described in detail. Intrinsic problems involved in clinical trial with recurrent stone formers are discussed.     

Molecular mechanisms of virus-induced carcinogenesis: the interaction of viral factors with cellular tumor suppressor proteins

Accumulating evidence indicates that tumor viruses represent a major etiological factor in a significant portion of human cancers. These cancers include human papillomavirus induced anogenital cancers, hepatitis B and C virus associated hepatocellular carcinomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas and lymphomas linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection, and human T cell leukemia virus associated adult T cell leukemias. This review summarizes the recent progress made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on the interaction of viral factors with cellular tumor suppressor proteins. The functional inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins may represent a common strategy by which several tumor viruses contribute to malignant cell transformation.Abbreviations EBV Epstein-Barr virus - E6AP E6-associated protein - HBV Hepatitis B virus - HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma - HPV Human papillomavirus - HTLV Human T cell leukemia virus - pRb Retinoblastoma protein - RB Retinoblastoma - SV40 Simian virus 40     

Posttraumatische Arthrose und Instabilität im distalen Radioulnargelenk

Trauma und Berufskrankheit - Bei 1/4 aller Knochenbrüche handelt es sich um distale Radiusfrakturen. Diese werden täglich in jeder unfallchirurgischen Klinik und Praxis versorgt. Für...     

Angeborenes linksventrikul?res Aneurysma bei einem 17-j?hrigen Leistungssportler

We present the case of a 17-year-old competitive athlete with an asymptomatic left ventricular aneurysm (LVA). Echocardiography demonstrated hypoplasia of the septum and a large apical LVA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected a very thin and fibrotic wall of the LVA. Due to the potential risk of rupture the LVA was surgically resected and the apex of the left ventricle was covered with a patch plasty. The patient had an event-free postoperative course. Because of the potential risk of arrhythmia, the patient was recommended not to participate further in competitive sport.     

Ausbildung eines koronaren Pseudoaneurysmas nach komplexer Koronarintervention mit Drug-eluting-Stentimplantation

We report on a 68-year-old woman with typical symptoms of angina pectoris and unspecific findings in the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram. Invasive diagnostics with coronary angiography revealed a severely calcified ostial filiform stenosis of the right coronary artery (RCA). Therefore, a complex coronary intervention was performed and a drug-eluting stent was implanted (Taxus? stent, Boston Scientific). After 6 weeks a control coronary angiography with intracoronary optical coherence tomography was performed and a new pseudoaneurysm before the RCA stent (proximal RCA) was visible. In a conference with cardiologists and cardiac surgeons (heart team) indications for cardiac surgery were confirmed. The pseudoaneurysm was removed by clipping and an aortocoronary RCA bypass was performed. The postoperative follow-up was without any complications.     

Microstructure of veneered zirconia after surface treatments: A TEM study

Objective

Clinical studies reveal that veneer chipping is one major problem associated with zirconia based dental restorations, the underlying mechanisms being still investigated. We semi-quantitatively analyzed the effects of different surface treatments (thermal etching, 35/105 μm sandblasting and coarse bur drilling (150 μm)) on the microstructure of a zirconia veneered dental ceramic.

Methods

The relative monoclinic content on zirconia surfaces was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure at the zirconia–veneer interface has thereafter been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) was used to qualitatively assess the depth of the stress-induced phase transformation.

Results

Sandblasting or bur drilling significantly roughened the zirconia surface. A reverse transformation of already transformed monoclinic zirconia grains back into the tetragonal polymorph has been observed after thermal veneering treatment. In TEM, the mechanically treated samples revealed a highly damaged area of 1–3 μm from the interface. The presence of monoclinic phase in veneered zirconia samples has been observed in SAED up to depths of 4 μm (35 μm sandblasted), 11 μm (105 μm sandblasted) and 9 μm (150 μm diamond drilled) below the interface.

Significance

Regardless of the treatment protocol and produced roughness, the veneering ceramic perfectly sealed the zirconia surface. XRD showed an increased amount of monoclinic phase on the surface treated zirconia. However after thermal treatment, the monoclinic phase was re-transformed into the tetragonal polymorph. TEM/SAED analysis has found indication for a greater extend of the monoclinic transformation into the bulk zirconia compared to the treatment related defective zone depth.