神经外科麻醉对体感诱发电位的影响

目的探讨神经外科手术麻醉对体感诱发电位（SEP）的影响,以期为麻醉和手术处理提供依据。方法随机抽取我科17例全麻手术病人,分成颅内疾病手术组（A组）与脊柱、脊髓疾病手术组（B组）,于术前、麻醉（诱导完成）、术始、术中、术毕和术后6个时程连续监测SEP的潜伏期、波幅及波形并记录。结果麻醉后SEP潜伏期延长5.96%,波幅下降24.00%,未出现波形消失的情况。结论麻醉抑制SEP,表现为潜伏期延长和波幅下降,但未出现波形消失的情况。     

Lumbar disc syndrome in Finland.

The prevalence of lumbar disc syndrome (herniated disc or typical sciatica) and its consequences in terms of disability, handicap, and need for medical care were studied as part of the Mini-Finland Health Survey. A sample of 8000 persons representative of the Finnish population aged 30 or over was asked to come for examination, and 7217 (90%) participated. A diagnosis of lumbar disc syndrome based on medical history, symptoms, and standardised physical examination was made for 5.1% of the men and for 3.7% of the women. Half of these patients were assessed to be in need of medical care, over 80% of which was considered to be adequately met. One third of all patients with lumbar disc syndrome had been previously hospitalised for that syndrome, and one fifth of the patients had undergone lumbar surgery. At least slight disability was found in almost 60% of the patients, though severe functional limitations were rare. About 6% of the population's work disability was estimated to be attributable to lumbar disc syndrome.     

Serum cholesterol and risk of cancer in a cohort of 39,000 men and women

Serum cholesterol concentration was studied for its prediction of cancer in 39,268 men and women aged 15-99 years and initially free from cancer. During a median follow-up of 10 years 1381 cancer cases were diagnosed. Serum cholesterol level was inversely associated with cancer incidence among non-smokers. Age-adjusted relative risks of cancer in quintiles of serum cholesterol were in male non-smokers 1.0, 0.81, 0.73, 0.69, and 0.46 and in female non-smokers 1.0, 0.75, 0.84, 0.78, and 0.70. The associations were not found to be confounded by serum vitamins A or E, serum selenium or several other factors. The association between serum cholesterol level and risk of cancer varied from strongly negative to slightly positive according to subpopulation and site of cancer. The strongest negative associations were found to appear during the first years of follow-up, especially for rapidly developing cancers. Thus the increased occurrence of cancer at low cholesterol levels seems mainly to be due to preclinical cancer.     

Low Prevalence of Antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Finnish Haemophiliacs

National yearly surveys were carried out between 1985 and 1989 to determine the prevalence of antibodies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Finnish patients with bleeding disorders. From 192 out of the 214 haemophiliacs (90%) tested, 2 patients were positive for anti-HIV. No seropositivities were found after 1985. Fourteen out of 21 patients (67%) with type III von Willebrand's disease, and 7 out of 8 patients (88%) with factor XIII deficiency were tested with negative results. The low prevalence of anti-HIV (0.94%; 2/213 tested), is mainly due to the self-sufficiency for clotting factors, the low prevalence of HIV in the population, and the use of cryoprecipitate during the critical period.     

Weight and mortality in Finnish men

Mortality rates of 22,995 Finnish men aged 25 and over followed up for a median of 12 years were analyzed in relation to body mass index (BMI) at the initial examination. All-cause mortality followed a "U"-shaped distribution, being greatest for the thinnest and fattest men at all ages, or about 1.5-fold for those with BMI less than 19.0 kg/m2 and BMI greater than or equal to 34.0 kg/m2, as compared with men of normal weight (BMI 22.0-24.9 kg/m2). Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increased with increasing BMI beyond the normal range. This depended mostly on the association of BMI with the biological risk factors of CVD. Mortality rates from CVD were also elevated among thin men under age 55, which could not be explained by the effect of the biological variables. Mortality rates from non-cardiovascular diseases, including cancers were inversely related to BMI among men of all ages. The high overall mortality of thin men was partly but not entirely attributable to smoking, low social class and antecedent disease. We conclude that both thinness and overweight are detrimental to longevity, but through differing mechanisms and disease patterns.     

High-efficiency gene transfer to primary T lymphocytes by recombinant adenovirus vectors

Recombinant, replication-deficient adenoviruses are efficient vectors for gene transfer to a wide range of cell types, with the exception of T lymphocytes. Here, we show that primary T lymphocytes from peripheral blood, cord blood, and the Jurkat T cell line are efficiently transduced by recombinant adenovirus. Nearly 100% infection efficiency of primary T cells is obtained with high multiplicity of infection (MOI) (5000) of recombinant adenovirus coding for lacZ. Similar infection efficiency by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer was obtained at lower MOI (3000) by activating primary T cells with PHA and PMA. Addition of cationic liposomes together with RAdlacZ markedly enhanced the infection efficiency at lower MOI (1000) resulting in over 90% infection efficiency. Primary T cells express low levels of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a cell surface receptor for adenovirus fiber attachment, as well as _vβ₃ and _vβ₅ integrins, cellular receptors for adenovirus internalization. This suggests that adenovirus entry to T cells at high MOI is mediated by other mechanisms. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that genes can be efficiently transferred to primary lymphocytes by adenovirus vectors at high MOI or in combination with cationic liposomes.     

Assignment of the gene encoding the beta-subunit of the human fibronectin receptor (β-FNR) to chromosome 10p11.2

A cDNA corresponding to the β-subunit of the human fibronectin receptor (β-FNR) was used as a probe in Southern blot analysis of mouse/human somatic cell hybrid DNAs and in in situ hybridization to metaphase chrmosomes. The β-FNR cDNA detects sequences prosent on parent of the somatic cell hybrids. In situ hybridization refined the localization of human sequences reacting with the β-FNR cDNA to 10p11.2. The A-1A5 monoclonal antibody which recognizes the beta-subunit of the fibronectin receptor on the cell surface was used to confirm that the sequences present on chromosome 10 correspond to those required for expression of β-FNR.     

Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study

Our aim was to study the associations between maternal vitamin C and iron intake during pregnancy and the offspring’s risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. The study was a part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) prospective birth cohort including children genetically at risk of type 1 diabetes born between 1997–2004. The diets of 4879 mothers in late pregnancy were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for energy, family history of diabetes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and sex was used for statistical analyses. Total intake of vitamin C or iron from food and supplements was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (vitamin C: HR 0.91: 95% CI (0.80, 1.03), iron: 0.98 (0.87, 1.10)) or type 1 diabetes (vitamin C: 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), iron: 0.92 (0.78, 1.08)), neither was the use of vitamin C or iron supplements associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, no association was found between maternal vitamin C or iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring.