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排序方式: 共有762条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Csar Galeano Bruno Jubelin Linda Biron Lilianne Guenette 《Neurourology and urodynamics》1986,5(2):203-218
Naloxone, an opioid peptide antagonist, has been reported to facilitate voiding in neurologic bladder disorders, but its effects on the neural micturition reflex arc are poorly understood. We studied the effect of naloxone in 34 male adult cats, spinalized at C5-C6 level 7 to 119 days previously. Each cat served as its own control. The following tests were performed: Urethral pressure profiles, cystosphincterograms with the urethro-vesical junction opened and closed and mechanograms of the detrusor, and the circular and longitudinal urethral muscles. The study included (1) the effects of anesthesia of the bladder and pelvic nerve, as well as that of the urethral and pudendal nerves; (2) the action of naloxone; and (3) the action of oxymorphone. Our results demonstrated that naloxone (1) increased somatic (osteotendinous and nociceptive) reflexes and aggravated spasticity; (2) increased vegetative micturitional and sexual reflexes, in particular the urethra-urethral contraction reflex, aggravating the spasmodic contractions of the external sphincter; and (3) increased the frequency and intensity of the mass reflex. In consequence, we suggest that naloxone is contraindicated in cases of spinal cord lesions with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia syndrome. 相似文献
2.
De Leo V; Morgante G; Lanzetta D; D'Antona D; Bertieri RS 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(2):357-360
We report the results of administration of danazol after suspension of
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) therapy for uterine
myomas. A total of 21 women with uterine myomas was treated with 100 mg
danazol for 6 months after GnRHa therapy. Uterine volume and endocrine
status were monitored monthly by ultrasound and assay of plasma
gonadotrophins, oestradiol and progesterone. The results show a rebound of
uterine volume about 30% less than in controls at the end of danazol
therapy. Menstrual cyclicity returned after 65 +/- 3 days in 16 subjects
and five patients remained amenorrhoeic. Hormone assays confirmed renewed
ovarian function in the women whose menstrual periods returned. Bone
mineral content was substantially reduced during GnRHa treatment but
improved significantly during danazol therapy even in the women who
remained amenorrhoeic. These results show the utility of danazol in
prolonging the therapeutic effects of GnRHa. The mechanism by which danazol
inhibits rebound of uterine volume may be due to its antiprogesterone
effects on uterine myomas.
相似文献
3.
The healthy respiratory system has a remarkable capacity for meeting the metabolic demands placed upon it during strenuous exercise. For example, in order to regulate alveolar partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide during heavy workloads, a 20-fold increase in alveolar ventilation can occur. The high metabolic costs and subsequent increased work of breathing associated with this ventilatory increase can result in a number of limitations to the healthy respiratory system. Two examples of respiratory system limitations that are associated with a high work of breathing are expiratory flow limitation and exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue. Expiratory flow limitation can lead to an inability to increase alveolar ventilation () in the face of increasing metabolic demands, resulting in gas exchange impairment and diminished endurance exercise performance. Furthermore, the high ventilatory requirements of endurance athletes and the inherent anatomical differences in females could make these groups more susceptible to expiratory flow limitation. Fatigue of the diaphragm has also been documented after strenuous exercise and may be related to a mechanism which increases sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow and reduces limb blood flow during prolonged exercise. This competition between the muscles of respiration and locomotion for a limited cardiac output may have dramatic consequences for exercise performance. This brief review summarizes the literature as it pertains to the work of breathing, expiratory flow limitation, and exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue in healthy humans. 相似文献
4.
5.
Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Veterinarians Working with Swine and in Normal Blood Donors in the United States and Other Countries 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27 下载免费PDF全文
X. J. Meng B. Wiseman F. Elvinger D. K. Guenette T. E. Toth R. E. Engle S. U. Emerson R. H. Purcell 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2002,40(1):117-122
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in many developing and some industrialized countries. It has been hypothesized that animals may be the source of infection. The recent identification of swine HEV in U.S. pigs and the demonstration of its ability to infect across species have lent credence to this hypothesis. To assess the potential risk of zoonotic HEV infection, we tested a total of 468 veterinarians working with swine (including 389 U.S. swine veterinarians) and 400 normal U.S. blood donors for immunoglobulin G anti-HEV. Recombinant capsid antigens from a U.S. strain of swine HEV and from a human HEV strain (Sar-55) were each used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The anti-HEV prevalence assayed with the swine HEV antigen showed 97% concordance with that obtained with the human HEV antigen (kappa = 92%). Among the 295 swine veterinarians tested from the eight U.S. states (Minnesota, Indiana, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina, and Alabama) from which normal blood donor samples were available, 26% were positive with Sar-55 antigen and 23% were positive with swine HEV antigen. In contrast, 18% of the blood donors from the same eight U.S. states were positive with Sar-55 antigen and 17% were positive with swine HEV antigen. Swine veterinarians in the eight states were 1.51 times more likely when tested with swine HEV antigen (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.20) and 1.46 times more likely when tested with Sar-55 antigen (95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 2.17) to be anti-HEV positive than normal blood donors. We did not find a difference in anti-HEV prevalence between veterinarians who reported having had a needle stick or cut and those who had not or between those who spent more time (> or = 80% of the time) and those who spent less time (< or = 20% of the time) working with pigs. Similarly, we did not find a difference in anti-HEV prevalence according to four job categories (academic, practicing, student, and industry veterinarians). There was a difference in anti-HEV prevalence in both swine veterinarians and blood donors among the eight selected states, with subjects from Minnesota six times more likely to be anti-HEV positive than those from Alabama. Age was not a factor in the observed differences from state to state. Anti-HEV prevalence in swine veterinarians and normal blood donors was age specific and paralleled increasing age. The results suggest that swine veterinarians may be at somewhat higher risk of HEV infection than are normal blood donors. 相似文献
6.
Schumock GT Guenette AJ Clark T McBride JM 《Topics in hospital pharmacy management / Aspen Systems Corporation》1993,13(2):16-24
The hospital mainframe computer pharmacist intervention documentation system described has successfully facilitated the recording, communication, analysis, and reporting of interventions at our hospital. It has proven to be time efficient, accessible, and user-friendly from the standpoint of both the pharmacist and administrator. The advantages of this system greatly outweigh manual documentation and justify the initial time investment in its design and development. In the future, it is hoped that the system can have even broader impact. Intervention/recommendations documented can be made accessible to medical and nursing staff, and as such further increase interdepartmental communication. As pharmacists embrace the pharmaceutical care mandate, documenting interventions in patient care will continue to grow in importance. Complete documentation is essential if pharmacists are to assume responsibility for patient outcomes. With time being an ever-increasing premium, and with economic and human resources dwindling, an efficient and effective means of recording and tracking pharmacist interventions will become imperative for survival in the fiscally challenged health care arena. Documentation of pharmacist intervention using a hospital mainframe computer at UIH has proven both efficient and effective. 相似文献
7.
MJ Stevens PD Stricker J Saalfeld PC Brenner R Kooner GFA O'Neill PJ Duval RS Jagavkar P Cross J Martland 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2003,47(2):152-160
Combination high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) and external beam radiation therapy is technically and clinically feasible as definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer. We report the first large Australian experience using this technique of radiation dose escalation in 82 patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk disease. With a median follow up of 3 years (156 weeks), complications were low and overall prostate‐specific antigen progression‐free survival was 91% using the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition. The delivery of hypofractionated radiation through the HDRB component shortens overall treatment time and is both biologically and logistically advantageous. As a radiation boost strategy, HDRB is easy to learn and could be introduced into most facilities with brachytherapy capability. 相似文献
8.
Non-invasive detection of fecal protein kinase C betaII and zeta messenger RNA: putative biomarkers for colon cancer 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Davidson LA; Aymond CM; Jiang YH; Turner ND; Lupton JR; Chapkin RS 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(2):253-257
We have developed a non-invasive method utilizing feces, containing
sloughed colonocytes, as a sensitive technique for detecting diagnostic
colonic biomarkers. In this study, we used the rat colon carcinogenesis
model to determine if changes in fecal protein kinase C (PKC) expression
have predictive value in monitoring the neoplastic process. Weanling rats
were injected with saline or azoxymethane (AOM) and 36 weeks later fecal
samples and mucosa were collected, poly A+ RNA isolated, and quantitative
RT-PCR performed using primers to PKC betaII and zeta. Fecal PKC betaII and
zeta mRNA levels were altered by the presence of a tumor, with
tumor-bearing animals having a 3-fold higher (P < 0.05) PKC betaII
expression as compared with animals without tumors. In addition,
AOM-injection increased mucosal PKC betaII mRNA expression compared with
saline controls. No effect of tumor incidence on mucosal PKC betaII
expression was observed. In contrast, fecal PKC zeta expression was
2.5-fold lower (P < 0.05) in animals injected with azoxymethane versus
saline. Since tumor incidence exerts a reciprocal effect on fecal PKC
betaII and zeta mRNA expression, data were also expressed as the ratio
between PKC betaII and zeta. The isozyme ratio was strongly related to
tumor incidence, i.e. ratio for animals with tumors was 2.18 +/- 1.25,
animals without tumors was 0.50 +/- 0.16, P = 0.025. We demonstrate that
the expression of fecal PKC betaII and zeta may serve as a noninvasive
marker for development of colon tumors. A sensitive technique for the
detection of colon cancer is of importance since early diagnosis can
substantially reduce mortality.
相似文献
9.
10.
Wolff SN; Marion J; Stein RS; Flexner JM; Lazarus HM; Spitzer TR; Phillips GL; Herzig RH; Herzig GP 《Blood》1985,65(6):1407-1411
High-dose (HD) cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) is more effective treatment than conventional-dose ARA-C regimens for patients with relapsed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). We report here that HD ARA-C given during the first remission of ANLL has resulted in long remission durations and a high proportion of patients who survive more than three years free of disease. From August 1979 to September 1983, 36 adult patients with ANLL in first remission received one to three courses of HD ARA-C (3 g/m2 by one-hour infusion every 12 hours for 12 doses on days 1 through 6) alone or with daunorubicin (30 mg/m2 for two or three doses on days 7 through 9). Three patients died of sepsis or hemorrhage during consolidation, and 14 patients have relapsed from five to 48 months after diagnosis. The remaining 19 patients are in continued complete remission (CCR) from 11 to 62 months. Denoting all deaths in remission as relapse, the actuarial probability of CCR is 42% at 62 months, with an apparent plateau in the survival curve. Of the first 22 patients treated, ten remain in CCR from 37 to 62 months with no therapy for at least three years. Due to its heightened anti-leukemic activity, HD ARA-C allows brief but effective consolidation of ANLL in first remission, with long-term disease-free survival comparable to other approaches. 相似文献