Hot beverages and oesophageal cancer in southern Brazil: a case-control study

There is a cluster of high-incidence areas of oesophageal cancer in south-eastern South America, including Southern Brazil, Uruguay and parts of Argentina. The present case-control study investigated the hypothesis that this may be due to the drinking of maté, a traditional beverage drunk at a very high temperature, and also studied the role of other known risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco. Cases (171) and age- and sex-matched controls (342) were recruited from hospitals in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil. The crude odds ratio for daily maté drinkers was 1.92 relative to those drinking less frequently than daily (p = 0.006). Other risk factors included the drinking of cachaça (a sugar cane spirit), smoking, rural residence, low fruit consumption and high intake of meats. After adjustment for these variables through conditional logistic regression, the odds ratio associated with daily maté drinking was reduced to 1.47 (90% CI = 0.87 - 2.50). Although the study failed to provide evidence of a strong association between maté and oesophageal cancer, the cluster of high rates could be explained by relative risks of the magnitude observed. This is due to the fact that approximately 70% of adult males and 50% of females are daily drinkers. In addition, this study revealed that alcohol, tobacco smoking and rural residence are the main risk factors for oesophageal cancer in this population and the fruit consumption confers some degree of protection.     

单道感应式人工耳蜗装置的研制

感应式人工耳蜗装置将声音信息转变并处理为适当的电信号之后,采用电磁感应的方式将此信号送至植入全聋患者内耳耳蜗靠近听神经纤维的作用电极上,刺激神经发放冲动,使全聋患者恢复音感。本装置经临床全聋患者使用,取得较满意效果。     

Predictive value of repeated systolic blood pressure measurements for stroke risk. The Zutphen Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The strength of the association between blood pressure and stroke incidence is dependent on the number of blood pressure measurements. Different summary variables of repeated blood pressure measurements taken during 10 years were evaluated in relation to the long-term risk of stroke in the Zutphen Study. METHODS: During the period 1960-1970 repeated blood pressure measures were taken yearly in 603 men aged 50-69 years in 1970 in the town of Zutphen, The Netherlands. The individual average systolic blood pressure between 1960 and 1970, the predicted systolic blood pressure for 1970 (based on regression of blood pressure readings on time), and the single observed systolic blood pressure in 1970 were used as systolic blood pressure estimates. Their strength in predicting the 15-year stroke incidence was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Adjustment was made for the confounding effects of age, cigarette smoking, and serum total cholesterol. RESULTS: The average systolic blood pressure between 1960 and 1970 was the strongest predictor of 15-year stroke incidence. The strength of the association was underestimated by 55% when a casual systolic blood pressure measurement was used instead of 11 yearly measurements. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that a casual blood pressure measurement leads to a substantial underestimation of the long-term stroke risk of an individual.     

Combined volvulus of the sigmoid and the small intestine (physiopathology)

The physiopathology of combined volvulus of sigmoid and small intestine is discussed. In many cases a half-knot is involved, that is to say a "key" between the two ileal and sigmoid loops, difficult to describe with words but easy to understand by the use of a diagram and radiologic and intraoperative images of lesions, of possible assistance when releasing the loops or determining site of section of foot of occluded loops. Of 116 cases of sigmoid volvulus treated in the Treihville hospital, Abidjan between 1972 and 1983, eleven were associated with small intestine volvulus. Of these 11 cases, 9 were treated by emergency ideal colectomy and small intestine resection, with 3 deaths, and 2 by emergency ideal colectomy and small intestine reintegration, with 2 deaths. Operative mortality was therefore high (45%), global mortality being 24%. This is inherent in underdeveloped surgical units and will certainly improve greatly as hospital standing improves.     

16通道人工耳蜗植入装置的原理和研制

人工耳蜗植入是利用电听觉原理恢复聋人听觉的一种有效方法，作者依据耳蜗在电刺激条件下的听觉生理学原理和心理声学参量，提出汉语主意编码方案的设想，研制出１６通道耳蜗植入电极系统和语言处理装置，并进行初步动物实验研究。     

一步温育EIA法检测HBsAg

本文报道用尼龙网为载体的抗ＨＢｓＡｇ抗体膜作免疫吸附剂用于酶联免疫测定，对检测ＨＢｓＡｇ的免疫反应程序和反应如酶标／抗原溶液配比量和温育反时间等进行了研究。结果得到一步温充ＥＩＡ法的灵敏度与二步温育ＥＩＡ法相比没有下降，检测时间由原来的约３ｈ缩短至约５０ｍｉｎ。     

多通道人工耳蜗在语前聋儿童及青少年中的应用

目的　通过对植入人工耳蜗的语前聋儿童和青少年的听力和语言能力的评估 ,探讨我国儿童在使用人工耳蜗后的听力和言语能力发展规律及影响因素。方法　 2 5例行人工耳蜗植入的语前聋儿童及青少年患者参与本组测试。选用《聋儿听觉言语康复评估方法》作为测试材料 ,分别进行声音、言语声和环境声的辨别 ,数词、单字词、双字词、3字词、韵母、声母、声调、封闭项列短句的识别 ,开放项列字词和开放项列短句识别 ,语言清晰度 ,模仿句长 ,听话识图和看图说话等方面测试。结果　受试者术后均能感知到声音 ,辨别不同类别的声音。封闭项列测试结果全部大于机会水平 ,正确识别率随人工耳蜗使用时间而不断增加 ,随植入时年龄的增长而呈下降趋势。术后约半年显现开放项列识别能力 ,使用人工耳蜗后对患儿的言语发育具有较大帮助。结论　尽早对语前聋患儿植入人工耳蜗及进行术后康复 ,以达改善听力 ,提高语言能力 ,促进身心全面发展的目的。     

冠心平颗粒对大鼠实验性心肌缺血的保护作用

观察冠心平颗粒对大鼠实验性心肌缺血的保护作用。给大鼠灌药7d后,以垂体后叶素造成实验性心肌缺血的模型,观察心电图造模前后的变化和血清肌酸磷酸激酶值,并与空白组与地尔硫卓对照组进行比较。提示造模后大鼠虽有心率下降,T波升高,但与用药前比较,无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;心率下降和T波升高幅度与空白组比较,具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;血清肌酸磷酸激酶与空白组比较,有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。以上结果显示冠心平颗粒可抑制垂体后叶素所致大鼠心率、T波的改变,降低血清肌酸磷酸激酶,有一定的防治心肌缺血,保护心肌细胞的功能。