Standardisierte Kontrastmittelsonographie (CEUS) in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin sowie Intensivmedizin (CEUS-Akut)

Die Anaesthesiologie -     

Correction to: Influence of oral anticoagulation on success rates and risk of bleeding events after iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - The published online version contains mistake as the author's first name and last name have been interchanged as "Hild...     

Demonstration of proteases in basal cell carcinomas. A histochemical study using amino acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamides as chromogenic substrates.

BACKGROUND. Proteases are reported to play an essential part in the proliferative, invasive, and metastasizing behavior of malignant tumors. The aim of the current study was to determine the activity and localization of proteases in basal cell carcinomas (BCC) histochemically. METHODS. Various proteases were identified histochemically in frozen sections of BCC. The following amino acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamides (MNA) were used as chromogenic substrates:alanine-MNA for the detection of aminopeptidase M (APM), glycyl-proline-MNA for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), lysyl-proline-MNA and lysyl-alanine-MNA for dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II), glycyl-arginine-MNA for dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPP I), and carbobenzoxy (CBZ)-arginyl-arginine-MNA for cathepsin B. RESULTS. APM activity was high in the peritumorous connective tissue, whereas the tumor epithelium and epidermis had negative results. DPP IV showed a highly positive reaction in both tumor epithelium and surrounding connective tissue. Cathepsin B and DPP I reacted strongly in the tumor epithelium but not in the peritumorous connective tissue. CONCLUSIONS. The marked activity of APM, DPP IV, DPP I, and cathepsin B may be related to the proliferation and invasive growth of BCC. The distribution of the activity of APM and DPP IV indicates dynamic interactions between the tumor epithelium and the adjacent connective tissue in the neoplastic process.     

Extended donor criteria for lung transplantation--a clinical reality.

OBJECTIVE: Standard lung donor criteria have been established on opinions and individual experiences rather than on existing evidence. Since the scarcity of donor organs is one of the major limitations to lung transplantation, extension of donor lung criteria might considerably increase the donor pool. This study therefore evaluates the outcome, achieved with the use of extended donors versus standard donors and aims to redefine lung donor criteria. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutive primary lung transplantations from 94 donors from 1/2001 to 12/2002. Donors were classified as extended if they fulfilled at least one criteria: age >55 years, PaO(2) at FiO(2)/PEEP 5 <300mmHg, tobacco history >20 pack years, inhalative drug abuse, presence of infiltration on chest X-ray or purulent secretions at bronchoscopy. Recipients were stratified in two groups according to whether they received a 'standard' or 'extended' organ. Postoperative complications, extubation time, ICU and hospital stay and survival were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-three (24.5%) donors were extended. Twenty-six recipients (26.55%) received organs from extended donors. Differences in intubation times (12+/-2 days standard vs. 14+/-5 days extended, P=0.70), ICU stay (16+/-2 days standard vs. 18+/-5 days extended, P=0.74) and hospital stay (38+/-4 days standard vs. 40+/-6 days extended, P=0.71) were not statistically significant. Postoperative bleeding rates were comparable (n=14 standard vs. n=3 extended) as well as bronchial anastomotic complications (n=7 standard vs. n=3 extended). Three months survival was 88.89% in the standard group vs. 92.31% in the extended group. One year survival is comparable as well with 81.94 vs. 84.62%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of lung donors who fail to meet standard criteria does not impair short and medium term results compared to standard lung donors. The impact on long term development of BOS has yet to be evaluated. The strict application of standard lung donor criteria excludes a considerable number of lungs potentially suitable for transplantation, thus liberalisation of donor criteria might help to overcome donor shortage.     

Specifically associated PCR products probed by coincident detection of two-color cross-correlated fluorescence intensities in human gene polymorphisms of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase at site C677T: a novel measurement approach without follow-up mathematical analysis

Whole blood samples of known methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes from 24 individuals were examined at site C677T. Their amplified DNA products were assessed by two-color fluorescence cross-correlation measurements and agarose gel electrophoresis/capillary gel electrophoresis. DNA subpopulations were identified which were not associated with the proper genotype by primer combinations and cycling conditions called multiplexes. We confirmed that DNA analysis by two-color fluorescence cross-correlation measurements allowed the detection of fluorescence signals specifically associated with the proper genotypes in a mixture of amplified nontarget DNA molecules without DNA sizing. The measurement approach does not require complex, follow-up mathematical analysis and is applicable to any single nucleotide polymorphisms. The simple immunogenetic model showed how the approach works to reveal specific DNA target by preventing detection of nontarget DNA. Under those experimental conditions, a new ultrasensitive, and specific method for clinical immunologists is born.     

Freshly isolated mouse 4F7+ splenic dendritic cells process and present exogenous antigens to T cells

The antibody 4F7 was reported to recognize an epitope expressed on dendritic cells (DC) from various tissues. To study the ability of splenic 4F7⁺ dendritic cells to process antigen for presentation to CD4⁺ T cells, DC were enriched using a separation procedure avoiding overnight culture which could lead to an altered phenotype. These DC were used as antigen-presenting cells (APC) in stimulation cultures of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells. It was found that they induce antigen-dependent lymphokine production by T cells and therefore could present exogenous antigens. These processing takes place intracellularly, because fixation abrogates presentation to T cells. Moreover, antigen presentation needs intracellular processing within endo- or lysosomes as chloroquine-treatment prevents T cell activation. Titration of APC numbers revealed that contaminating APC most likely did not account for antigen-specific T cell activation by DC. No evidence was found for release of antigenic peptides or for partial antigen processing possibly done by cell surface located enzymes on DC. In conclusion, these results indicate that freshly enriched DC are able to process antigens similarly to other APC.     

Inhibition of Cytokine Production and Adhesion Molecule Expression by Ibuprofen is Without Effect on Transendothelial Migration of Monocytes

The present study focusses on the effects of ibuprofen and its enantiomers on cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes and endothelial cells as well as on the potential modulation of ADM-expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the concomitant effects on monocyte transendothelial migration as measured by a cell migration assay system. This consists of an endothelial cell monolayer on a solid collagen substrate, i.e. an artificial vessel wall construct. We observed a significant inhibition by 100 g/ml ibuprofen of VCAM-1 expression by endothelial cells while ELAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression was not influenced. However, we could not see any concomitant inhibitory effects on the spontaneous migration of monocytes after preincubating the endothelial cell monolayer with ibuprofen up to concentrations of 100 g/ml and activating with suboptimal and optimal concentrations of TNF-. Our monocyte transendothelial migration system reflects very sensitively endothelial cell-activation even by very low TNF- concentrations. (S)- and (R)-ibuprofen were equal in their inhibitory/activating effects on cytokine production, with the exception of stronger IL-8 induction in endothelial cells by (R)-ibuprofen as compared to its chiral analogue.