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Aim and methods  Nutrition, unhealthy lifestyles and cancer appear to be strictly related, but few authors have analysed the interest in dietary information of cancer patients and their families. This survey was conducted in the Veneto area (Italy) to investigate the concern of cancer patients and their family members about diet as a health tool before and after diagnosis of cancer. Results  Seven hundred and four questionnaires were collected: 380 from cancer patients and 324 from family members of cancer subjects. Breast cancer (BC) was the most frequent disease for patients (61.8%) as well as families (26.5%). Generally, the importance of having precise diet information after diagnosis is recognised by 40.3% of patients, with significant differences between the various types of cancer: gastric and colon/rectum cancer (GCC) patients were more concerned than BC women about precise information concerning a diet to follow immediately after diagnosis (p = 0.000, ODs = 3.10, CI 1.68–5.71) or during treatments (p = 0.001, ODs = 2.67, CI 1.46–4.89). The nutritional information is supplied to patients in 34% of cases and to relatives in 30.3%, often from non-medical sources. In total healthcare workers (family doctor, oncologist, surgeon, dietician) represented the exclusive source of dietary information for 24.9% of patients and 22.9% of family members. Diet after diagnosis changes in 69.1% of GCC patients and in 39.2% of BC women. Relatives, particularly women, report difficulties preparing patients’ meals in 30.7% of cases, changes in the eating habits of the entire family in 29.9% and discontent connected with patients diet in 13.9%. The concern about proper nutrition after diagnosis increases more in GCC subjects (p < 0.025) when compared to BC subjects and in patients with more recent diagnosis (p < 0.041) when compared with patients with diagnosis >5 years ago, while in family members the interest in diet after diagnosis increases more in women than in men (p < 0.030) without other differences regarding the degree of relationship, type of cancer or diagnosis time. Relatives (92.7%) have more interest in nutritional education than patients (74.9%). Cancer patients <65 years were more interested in educational initiatives concerning nutrition (p = 0.000, ODs = 4.46, CI 2.6–7.4) than older patients (>65 years) and female subjects were more concerned than male patients (p = 0.008, ODs = 2.11, CI 1.2–3.6). Conclusions  The interest in the dietary knowledge and in educational initiatives concerning nutrition is high in cancer patients and their relatives, although it decreases with the age. The poor attention paid to nutrition of cancer patients by various healthcare workers deserves consideration, since the psychophysical wellbeing and perhaps also survival of cancer patients can be improved by correct dietary management, as well as, naturally, by the principal treatments themselves.  相似文献   
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Gastric MALT lymphoma usually develops from chronic gastritis, the vast majority of which (>90%) is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. We sequenced the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in 19 gastric MALT lymphoma clones to determine the pattern of variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene utilization during immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.
DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded sections and the rearranged CDR3 regions were amplified using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (with primers complementary to the conserved framework-three segment of the variable region [FR3A] and J regions). The DNA used for cloning and sequencing was obtained after purification of monoclonal bands excised from polyacrylamide gels. The N-D-N region specific to each clone was compared with known germline D sequences.
Similarly to that observed in normal and leukaemic B cells, our series of gastric MALT lymphomas showed apparent preferential utilization of genes from the DXP family. In two cases no similarity between the CDR3 nucleotide sequences of the neoplastic clones and the known germline D sequences could be found. In 10/19 analysed alleles the lymphoma B-cell clones appeared to contain two D gene segments (D-D recombination), a rare occurrence in normal individuals but one which has been described as a significant event in the determination of idiotype expression and antigen-binding affinity. Remarkably, despite the use of different D and J segments, the resultant amino acid sequences matched in two patients, suggesting the presence of a common selecting antigen.
The observed pattern of D gene rearrangement suggests that MALT lymphoma B-cell clones have undergone antigen selection, which seems to indicate that the antigen stimulation plays a pivotal role in the development of the lymphoma.  相似文献   
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Preliminary results on the localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the human cerebellum are presented. Cerebella from newborn and adult subjects were examined. While only sporadic positive fibres were detected in the adult tissue, the immunoreactive material appeared more abundant in the cerebella from newborn subjects. Varicose and non-varicose fibres and dot-like nerve terminals were present with different density in various regions. The paucity of immunoreactive perikarya suggests that most of the cerebellar substance P-like immunoreactive material has an extrinsic origin.  相似文献   
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Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) is an early marker of nephrotoxicity. NAG activity was assayed by the fluorimetric method of Leaback and Walker in 17 patients treated (22 courses) with carboplatin (CBDCA, 220-550 mg/m2) before infusion and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after. Increased excretion of NAG, a sensitive index of renal tubular damage, was observed following 10 of the 22 courses. A transient increase in plasma creatinine and/or abnormal proteinuria was observed in 6 cases. Impaired renal function prior to therapy seems to be a predisposing factor to the nephrotoxicity.  相似文献   
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OBJECTIVE: The present study tested the hypothesis that cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. change across normal elderly (Nold), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects as a function of the global cognitive level. METHODS: Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 155 MCI, 193 mild AD, and 126 age-matched Nold subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by LORETA. RESULTS: Occipital delta and alpha 1 sources in parietal, occipital, temporal, and 'limbic' areas had an intermediate magnitude in MCI subjects compared to mild AD and Nold subjects. These five EEG sources presented both linear and nonlinear (linear, exponential, logarithmic, and power) correlations with the global cognitive level (as revealed by mini mental state examination score) across all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical EEG rhythms change in pathological aging as a function of the global cognitive level. SIGNIFICANCE: The present functional data on large populations support the 'transitional hypothesis' of a shadow zone across normality, pre-clinical stage of dementia (MCI), and AD.  相似文献   
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic protozoan infection in Sardinia, one of the major islands of the Mediterranean Basin. The main causative strain in this country is Leishmania infantum, which rarely involves mucocutaneous areas, but has the potential to cause visceral leishmaniasis. An atypical leishmaniasis involving the inferior lip of a 57-year-old female with Down's syndrome was observed at the Dermatology Department of Cagliari (italy). The diagnosis was mainly based upon histopathological examination, revealing intra- and extra-cellular leishmania amastigotes. The leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-111 was identified by isoenzymatic characterization. Laboratory investigations revealed a normal complete blood count and biochemistry profile, except for an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio. Treatment with meglumine antimoniate 60 mg/kg/day (Glucantime) intramuscularly for 15 days, followed by intralesional administration 1 ml weekly for 4 weeks led to complete recovery. No relapses were observed at 6-month follow-up. The unusual localization is likely to be a reflection of the uncommon site of inoculation of the protozoa, transmitted by bites from flying vectors. Nevertheless, the presence of Down's syndrome in our patient may have contributed to the atypical presentation by traumatic exacerbation of the lesion, due to repeated auto-induced microtraumas of the inferior lip accompanied by subclinical immunodeficiency. In fact, the specific immune response to Leishmania infection depends on a host-cell-mediated immune response, reported as defective in Down's syndrome patients. Differential diagnosis and early detection of the infection are necessary in order to start effective treatment and prevent more serious complications.  相似文献   
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Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is an inherited disease characterized by an abnormal systemic deposition of a mutant protein called transthyretin (TTR) with elective involvement of the peripheral nervous system, but often determining cardiac, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract dysfunction. FAP commonly affects the liver and the heart until end-organs failure. Transthyretin amyloidosis is today an accepted indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Combined heart and liver transplantation (CHLT) may be an attractive and rational treatment option when both organs are contemporary involved by this type of amyloidotic disease. Nowadays, surgical indications and techniques are far from being consolidated because only few cases of CHLT have been previously reported in literature. From November 1999 to May 2006, we performed five orthotopic combined heart and liver transplantations for FAP at our institution. Our surgical experience and clinical outcomes are herein reported.  相似文献   
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