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1.
Michelle Moffa Ryan Cronk Donald Fejfar Sarah Dancausse Leslie Acosta Padilla Jamie Bartram 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2019,222(3):335-346
Background
There are well-established relationships between health and homelessness, and shelters can facilitate the transmission of diseases and contribute to their prevention. Adequate environmental health conditions and hygiene behaviors in homeless shelters are fundamental to the health of their clients, a marginalized population. We report the status of environmental health conditions and hygiene behaviors in homeless shelters and associated health outcomes; interventions to improve these conditions, behaviors, and outcomes; and obstacles to improvement.Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were searched for peer-reviewed studies, and additional sources for grey literature. Studies were included if they reported primary data on one or more environmental health condition or hygiene behavior in homeless shelters.Results
Twenty-eight studies were included in the review. Insufficient ventilation systems, unhygienic bedding, and overcrowding were the most documented environmental health and hygiene deficiencies in homeless shelters, and tuberculosis infections and skin diseases were the most documented associated health outcomes among clients. Studies frequently recommended or described implementation of behavioral and administrative controls, ventilation system improvements, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation fixtures.Discussion
Most studies addressed airborne transmission of tuberculosis and were conducted in high-income countries, revealing an imbalance in the literature. Insufficient resources and the transience of clients are barriers to improving hygiene behaviors and environmental conditions in homeless shelters. Further investment and research into ensuring adequate hygiene and environmental health in this setting can protect and promote the health and well-being of people experiencing homelessness. 相似文献2.
3.
James I. Geller MD Joseph G. Pressey MD Malcolm A. Smith MD Rachel A. Kudgus PhD Mariana Cajaiba MD Joel M. Reid PhD David Hall PhD Donald A. Barkauskas PhD Stephen D. Voss MD Steve Y. Cho MD Stacey L. Berg MD Jeffrey S. Dome MD PhD Elizabeth Fox MD Brenda J. Weigel MD 《Cancer》2020,126(24):5303-5310
4.
Amy Y. Zhang Christopher Burant Alex Z. Fu Gerald Strauss Donald R. Bodner Lee Ponsky 《Journal of psychosocial oncology》2020,38(2):210-227
AbstractPurpose: We examined underlying psychosocial processes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) of prostate cancer survivors.Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from a clinical trial.Sample: Two hundred forty-four prostate cancer survivors who participated in a clinical trial of behavioral intervention to UI as intervention or control subjects.Methods: The participants had a 3-month behavioral intervention or usual care and were followed up for an additional 3?months. They were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6?months. Latent growth curve models were performed to examine trajectories of each study variable and relationships among the variables.Findings: Increasing self-efficacy and social support were significantly and independently associated with more reduction of urinary leakage frequency over time.Implications for psychosocial oncology: Providing problem-solving skills and social support, including peer support, are essential for empowering patients to reduce UI. 相似文献
5.
6.
Marlene L Hauck Susan M LaRue William P Petros Jean M Poulson Daohai Yu Ivan Spasojevic Amy F Pruitt Allison Klein Beth Case Donald E Thrall David Needham Mark W Dewhirst 《Clinical cancer research》2006,12(13):4004-4010
PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of doxorubicin encapsulated in a low temperature sensitive liposome (LTSL) when given concurrently with local hyperthermia to canine solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Privately owned dogs with solid tumors (carcinomas or sarcomas) were treated. The tumors did not involve bone and were located at sites amenable to local hyperthermia. LTSL-doxorubicin was given (0.7-1.0 mg/kg i.v.) over 30 minutes during local tumor hyperthermia in a standard phase I dose escalation study. Three treatments, given 3 weeks apart, were scheduled. Toxicity was monitored for an additional month. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated during the first treatment cycle. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled: 18 with sarcomas and 3 with carcinomas. Grade 4 neutropenia and acute death secondary to liver failure, possibly drug related, were the dose-limiting toxicities. The maximum tolerated dose was 0.93 mg/kg. Other toxicities, with the possible exception of renal damage, were consistent with those observed following free doxorubicin administration. Of the 20 dogs that received > or = 2 doses of LTSL-doxorubicin, 12 had stable disease, and 6 had a partial response to treatment. Pharmacokinetic variables were more similar to those of free doxorubicin than the marketed liposomal product. Tumor drug concentrations at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg averaged 9.12 +/- 6.17 ng/mg tissue. CONCLUSION: LTSL-doxorubicin offers a novel approach to improving drug delivery to solid tumors. It was well tolerated and resulted in favorable response profiles in these patients. Additional evaluation in human patients is warranted. 相似文献
7.
8.
Kathleen Pierson Donald Addington Jean Addington Scott Patten 《Revue canadienne de psychiatrie》2006,51(11):715-718
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether pharmacokinetic drug interactions occur when sertraline is added to antipsychotic medications. METHOD: Forty-eight patients with remitted DSM-IV schizophrenia and comorbid major depression were randomized to placebo for 6 weeks or sertraline 50 mg for 4 weeks followed by sertraline 50 mg to 100 mg for 2 weeks for nonresponders. Treatment with the patients' usual antipsychotic continued. Weekly clinical outcome assessments occurred for 6 weeks, and serum samples for drug monitoring were collected at Weeks 1, 5, and 6. Serum concentrations of sertraline and antipsychotics were measured with standard assays. RESULTS: In both placebo- and sertraline-treated groups, most patients displayed minor fluctuations in antipsychotic serum levels over 6 weeks. There was no clinical evidence of drug interactions in the sertraline-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant adverse effects did not occur despite variable antipsychotic serum levels with or without sertraline. Concern about pharmacokinetic interactions should not deter the use of sertraline for depression in individuals with schizophrenia. 相似文献
9.
Relationships Between Arousal-Related Moods and Episodic Tension-Type Headache: A Biopsychological Study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An exploratory study was conducted examining arousal-related moods and episodic tension-type headache. Twelve subjects meeting International Headache Society criteria for episodic tension-type headache and 12 headache-free controls recorded headache activity and mood eight times daily for 14 consecutive days. Moods were measured using the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List, a self-report list that subjectively represents general arousal along two dimensions of Tension and Energy. Headache subjects had higher Tension levels than controls even in the absence of pain, and greater variation in this dimension as well. Within the headache group, Tension during pain-free periods was significantly lower than when experiencing headache, and was correlated with headache activity. The results were taken to support Thayer's (1989) biopsychological model of mood and arousal, and are discussed in terms of the model's heuristic value for general arousal and headache research. 相似文献
10.
B. A. Johnson Donald R. Jasinski Gantt P. Galloway Henry Kranzler Robert Weinreib Raymond F. Anton Barbara J. Mason Michael J. Bohn Helen M. Pettinati Richard Rawson Christopher Clyde 《Psychopharmacology》1996,128(2):206-215
Four hundred and twenty-three alcohol dependent subjects were enrolled into a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
study to determine the safety and efficacy of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ritanserin (2.5 mg/day or 5 mg/day), in reducing alcohol intake and craving. All subjects received 1
week of single-blind placebo prior to randomization into the 11-week double-blind phase. Additionally, all subjects received
weekly individual sessions of manual-guided cognitive-behavioral therapy. Comparing the single-blind period with endpoint,
there was approximately a 23% reduction in drinks/day; 34% fall in the total number of drinking days/week; 22% decrease in
drinks/drinking day; and a 37% diminution in alcohol craving for all treatment groups. All treatment groups experienced a
beneficial clinical outcome as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale. There was, however, no significant difference
between treatment groups on any of these measures of alcohol drinking, craving, or clinical outcome. Subjects were of relatively
high social functioning at baseline, and this did not change significantly during treatment. Treatment groups did not differ
significantly on either medication compliance or reported adverse events. Ritanserin treatment was associated with a dose-related
prolongation of subjects’ QTc interval recording on the electrocardiogram. These results suggest that alcohol dependent subjects
can show marked clinical improvement within a structured alcohol treatment program. These findings do not support an important
role for ritanserin in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Received: 30 April 1996/Final version: 3 July 1996 相似文献