表皮生长因子受体家族与肺部疾病的研究进展

表皮生长因子受体家族是一类重要的受体型酪氨酸激酶,在细胞增殖、分化的信号转导通路中起着关键作用。近年来其在肺部疾病发病机制中的作用越来越受到重视,本文主要就表皮生长因子受体家族与肺部疾病(肺癌、支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病)关系的研究进展作一综述,旨在探讨以上三种常见肺部疾病的发病机制及为其临床治疗提供新的理论依据。     

皮质发育障碍模型的建立及其致痫敏感性的研究

目的:建立皮质发育障碍模型,探讨皮质发育障碍模型的敏感性。方法:在SD大鼠孕17d腹腔注入1,3-二氯乙烯-亚硝基脲(BCNU)制作皮质发育障碍模型;Nissl染色观察P60d仔鼠病理变化;选取P60d雄性仔鼠,腹腔注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱,分别比较两组大鼠癫发生的潜伏期、持续状态时间和死亡率。结果:同龄仔鼠脑组织湿重实验组比对照组显著减轻(P<0.01);Nissl染色显示皮质变薄、皮质层次紊乱、海马区域异位细胞异常聚集;有皮质发育障碍的仔鼠注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱后,癫发生的潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.01),癫持续状态时间延长(P<0.01),死亡率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:BCNU致皮质发育障碍模型具有癫易感性。     

神经外科重症监护病房常见病原菌的分布与耐药性研究

目的调查珠江医院神经外科重症监护病房(ICU)病原菌的分布与耐药情况,分析ICU院内感染的发生原因,探讨防治对策。方法应用法国VITEKⅡ全自动细菌鉴定仪鉴定病原菌,用纸片扩散法检测药敏结果。结果神经外科ICU菌群主要以革兰阴性杆菌(71.6%)为主,鲍曼不动杆菌占16.7%,大肠埃希菌占15.7%,铜绿假单胞菌占13.7%,肺炎克雷伯菌占13.7%等。但葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌等阳性球菌(28.4%)也有增加的趋势。亚胺培南和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦仍保持最高抗菌活性,细菌的耐药率分别为15.3%和30.6%。结论我院神经外科ICU感染主要病原菌是革兰阴性杆菌,对常用抗菌药物耐药性较高,但革兰阳性球菌所占比例呈增高趋势。控制第二、三代头孢菌素以及制酸剂(质子泵抑制剂)的预防性用药,减少耐药菌株的产生,有针对性地使用抗生素是控制危重病人感染的有效措施。     

Twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity and clinical trial of bedtime enprostil 70 μg compared with ranitidine 300 mg in duodenal ulcer

The effects of bedtime 70 micrograms and twice daily 35 micrograms doses of enprostil on 24-hour intragastric acidity were investigated in nine duodenal ulcer patients in remission. Median nocturnal acidity decreased significantly by 30% with 35 micrograms twice daily, and by 48% with 70 micrograms at bedtime. In a clinical trial using bedtime dosing, 102 duodenal ulcer patients randomly received either ranitidine 300 mg or enprostil 70 micrograms. More ulcers healed after 4 and 8 weeks treatment with ranitidine than with enprostil (76% ranitidine vs 52% enprostil, at 4 weeks p = 0.0065 and 94% vs 68%, respectively at 8 weeks, P = 0.0007). However, 6 months after cessation of treatment there was no material difference in overall outcome. Despite combining mucosal protection with acid inhibition enprostil treatment conferred no advantage over simple acid inhibition.     

SCREENING FOR ALCOHOLISM IN GENERAL MEDICAL PATIENTS

Medical patients (N = 108) were administered a brief screeninginstrument (LAMSI) and a structured diagnostic interview (SUDDS).Twenty-five patients met DSM-III criteria for an alcohol usedisorder, 20 current, five in remission. The four-item scaleembedded in the screen identified the alcoholics with 88% sensitivityand 96% specificity.     

胸骨肿瘤CT诊断(附22例报告)

目的探讨胸骨肿瘤临床CT诊断和检查意义。方法搜集分析经临床病理证实的22例胸骨肿瘤CT资料,其中转移瘤17例(肺癌转移15例;乳腺癌转移2例)、骨髓瘤2例、软骨肉瘤1例、骨肉瘤1例、骨化性纤维瘤1例。结果局部骨质破坏(囊状膨胀性、溶骨性和混合性骨破坏3种),其中囊状膨胀性骨破坏1例(骨化性纤维瘤),溶骨性骨破坏16例(肺癌转移15例、骨肉瘤1例),混合性骨破坏5例(软骨肉瘤1例、骨髓瘤2例、乳腺癌转移2例)。胸骨处软组织肿块18例,胸骨前胸壁肌、皮下脂肪和胸骨后脂肪间隙浸润13例。结论胸骨肿瘤以转移瘤多见,CT检查对胸骨肿瘤有较高的诊断价值。