bevacizumab治疗乳腺癌的基础和临床研究

分子靶向药物bevacizumab是针对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的重组人源化单克隆抗体,在多种恶性肿瘤的治疗中显示了临床效果。现就bevacizumab的作用机制及其在乳腺癌治疗中的临床研究进展作一综述。     

高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查价值

目的：探讨高分辨率CT（HRCT）对颞部疾病的检查价值。方法：对43例颞部疾病患者行常规CT和高分辨率CT（HRCT）检查所获图像对比分析，并讨论HRCT的检查技术和图像后处理。结果：HRCT对病变的显示率及病变引起骨质破坏的程度，病变边缘，轮廓的显示均明显优于常规CT，尤其能清楚显示常规CT难以显示的中耳及内耳的细微结构，结论：高分辨率CT是颞部疾病的首选检查方法，使用高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查给临床提供更多，更准确的诊断信息。     

Surgical outcomes of partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: A joint study by the Japanese Society of Renal Cancer

OBJECTIVE: A joint study was undertaken by the Japanese Society of Renal Cancer to investigate the present status of partial nephrectomy in Japan and to speculate about what may be the indications for partial nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Data were tabulated for 469 patients from participating medical institutions and various clinical factors were investigated with regard to disease progression (local recurrence and distant metastasis). RESULTS: Disease progression was observed in 21 patients (4.5%). No significant relation to disease progression was observed for sex, laterality, tumor histology, grade and tumor size. Although patients with solitary tumors displayed excellent prognosis irrespective of tumor diameter, patients with multiple tumors displayed a high likelihood of disease progression. Patients older than 77 years old and patients with imperative indication were found to have a poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION: In patients with solitary tumors, partial nephrectomy can be actively performed, even if the patient displays elective indications and the tumor is >4 cm in diameter. In patients displaying multiple tumors with imperative indications, the decision whether to perform partial nephrectomy should be made by the patients and their physicians after considering the impact on curability and the quality of life.     

大鼠气管上皮细胞体内—体外转化模型的研究

本研究建立了大鼠气管上皮细胞体内－体外转化模型，大鼠气管内滴注苯并芘，三天后处死大鼠，消化气管上皮细胞，接种于无血清完全培养基。细胞形成集落后，换为选择培养基继续培养五周，统计转化率。结果显示，２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的苯并芘可诱导大鼠气管上皮细胞转化及微核增加，用同样方法研究了煤焦沥青提取物，结果表明，剂量为８ｍｇ／ｋｇ和２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的煤焦沥青提取物能明显诱导大鼠气管上皮细胞转化。     

复发性脑胶质瘤及其放射治疗

1976～1986年肿瘤科收治脑胶质瘤42例,10例复发,其中6例采用单纯放疗,用~60钴γ线。5例脑胶质瘤予肿瘤区局部照射,DT44～57Gy/6-7周,1例髓母细胞瘤予全脑、肿瘤区及全脊髓照射、脑中平面量DT38Gy/5周;肿瘤区51Gy/7周;脊髓18Gy/8周。结果:有效1例,显效2例,无效3例。本研究提示对于已不能釆用其他手段治疗的复发病人,放疗仍有一定效果。     

胃幽门弯曲菌感染对胃癌发生影响的探讨

应用Warthin-starry镀银技术检查胃幽门弯曲菌,对中国胃癌高发区及美国胃癌高发区新奥尔良检查了300例具有胃症状的胃粘膜标本。结果发现幽门弯曲菌阳性率为60～62%,并且看到这种细菌的感染与慢性胃炎病变的程度有明显的关系。本文探讨了幽门弯曲菌的感染与胃癌癌前病变的关系。     

中药安迪注射剂对人食管癌细胞的放射增敏作用

目的 :观察安迪注射剂 (Andi)对电离辐射生物学效应的影响。方法 :人食管癌细胞株 (ECA 10 9)在富氧 (空气 )和缺氧 (通 99 99%的高纯氮气 5 0min)条件下分别观察对照组、Andi组、60 Co γ线辐射和Andi +60 Co γ线辐射 4组细胞形态 (光镜 )、细胞倍增时间 (TD)、存活率 (SR)及集落存活分数 (SF)。结果 :光镜下可见Andi组、辐射组、Andi+辐射组癌细胞变性、坏死、凋亡 ,以Andi +辐射组为最显著。MTT法测定对照组、Andi组、60 Co γ线辐射和Andi+60 Co γ线辐射四组缺氧细胞的TD(% )分别为 4 6 12 ,118 72 ,6 2 81,171 0 2h ,SR分别为 10 0 % ,4 2 % ,86 % ,30 % ;各治疗组与对照组比较TD 和SR均相差显著 (P <0 0 5 )。方差分析显示 ,辐射在富氧 (F =90 19,P =0 0 0 0 1)和缺氧 (F =37 0 9,P =0 0 0 0 3)时均为SF的影响因素 ;Andi仅在缺氧时对SF是有意义的影响因素 (F =2 9 0 4 ,P =0 0 0 0 7) ,与60 Co γ线辐射合用对缺氧细胞SF的影响具有协同作用 (F =11 37,P =0 0 0 98)。用单靶多击模型拟合数据分析 ,Andi的放射增敏比 (SER)为 1 5 ,相对敏化效应 (RSE)为 5 5 %。结论 :Andi对缺氧ECA 10 9细胞具有明显的细胞毒和放射增敏作用。     

齐墩果酸免疫治疗恶性肿瘤病人的临床Ⅱ期研究

前瞻性双盲法临床研究,可评价的恶性肿瘤病人28例,口服齐墩果酸40mg,每日3次,1个月后测定吞噬细胞百分比,由54.1％提高至67.42％。吞噬指数由0.69提高至0.81。迟发超敏反应1:1000浓度转阳性率52.6％(10/19)。E-玫瑰花结试验在本组试验前后无显著变化。同期服用安慰剂的9例对照病人则无变化。治疗后齐墩果酸对骨髓、肝、肾功能均无影响,故可做为比较理想的生物反应调节剂应用于临床,以促进病人的免疫功能。     

Efficacy of Lung Cancer Screening; Comparison of Results from a Case-Control Study and a Survival Analysis

A case-control study to evaluate the efficacy of lung cancer screening conducted by us showed that lung cancer screening may reduce the mortality of the disease up to 28%. Assuming this efficacy is unbiased, and that the screening rate is 51.6%, which was observed in the control group in the above study, the number of lung cancer deaths prevented by screening in the study period was calculated to be 47 for males and females combined. In the same study population, screen-detected lung cancer patients (N = 207) in the same study period were followed and the 7-year survival rate (46.9%) was compared to the 5-year survival rate (11.3%) obtained by the Osaka Cancer Registry, in which screen-detected lung cancer patients were only 1.8%. The number of lung cancer deaths prevented by screening, estimated by the difference in the above two survival rates, was 74 (95% confidence interval; 55–93). The number of lung cancer deaths prevented by screening estimated from the case-control study was significantly lower than that estimated from the survival analysis. This indicates that the efficacy of lung cancer screening estimated by the case-control study was within the range that could be explained by the actual long-term survivors among the screen-detected patients in the study population.