Influence of luminal stenosis in aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal blunt cerebrovascular injury

Background

Current blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) grading grossly differentiates injury characteristics such as luminal stenosis (LS) and aneurysmal disease. The effect of increasing degree of LS beyond the current BCVI grading scale on stroke formation is unknown.

Revascularized fibula for tibia replacement in adamantinoma

Adamantinoma of long bones is one of the rarest of malignant bone tumors; it is commonly located in the middle or lower third of the diaphysis of the tibia. A case with multiple occurrences affecting both the tibia and fibula is presented. En bloc resection with wide operative margins was performed, and a large tibial defect of 23 cm was effectively bridged by a revascularized free fibular flap. At 13 months follow-up, there was no sign of local recurrence or metastasis, and the patient was mobile.     

Ueber Lähmung der Convergenz- und Divergenzfähigkeit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Dental trauma that require fixation in a children's hospital.

Children and adolescents who suffer traumatic injuries often seek emergency treatment at a Children's Hospital. Complex injuries to permanent teeth and their periodontium require immediate repositioning and stabilization. Many of these emergencies are treated by pediatric dental residents at the Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. The purpose of this study was to characterize these complex injuries of permanent teeth that require emergency treatment in a Children's Hospital. All of the cases of dental trauma which had involved permanent teeth and which had been treated with a splint in 2001 and 2002 were reviewed. There were 79 patients that were between 5 and 19 years of age with twice as many males (54) as females (25). The number of males increased from childhood (5-10 years) to early adolescence (11-15 years) and then decreased rapidly in late adolescence (16-19 years), whereas the number of females decreased steadily with age. Most of the incidents occurred during the summer months (72%), particularly in June and July (42%), and Fridays and Saturdays were the busiest days of the week. Most of the injuries were caused by organized and recreational sporting activities (39%) and accidental falls (33%), followed by interpersonal violence (15%) and a few motor vehicle accidents (7%). The 173 permanent tooth injuries were mostly luxations (62%) or avulsions (20%), with only a few fractures of the alveolar bone (5%) or tooth root (1%). Most of the displacements were lateral luxations (40%) or extrusions (18%) with only a few intrusions (3%). These injuries most commonly afflicted the maxillary central incisors (54%), followed by the maxillary laterals (18%) and mandibular centrals (17%). The emergency treatment that was provided at the Children's Hospital included replantation and repositioning, and the placement of a semi-rigid or flexible splint.     

Pressure distribution in the knee joint

Biomechanical factors influencing the patterns of pressure distribution at the articular surface and the subchondral bone are suggested to be most important in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and ostechondritis dissecans at the knee joint. Besides this, chronic joint instability is another important factor under discussion in the etiology of osteoarthritis of the knee. The patterns of pressure distribution on the femoral condyles of weight-bearing knee joints were investigated in a biostatic cadaver model. The pressure on the femoral condyles was evaluated using pressure-sensitive films with the knee in different physiological joint positions (extension, 15° and 30° flexion) with and without division of either the medial collateral ligament (MCL), the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), the MCL and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), or the LCL and the ACL. Results showed that the location of the contact area and peak pressure depended on the joint position and stage of ligament division. Without ligament division the maximum peak pressure was always observed on the medial condyle. Only after MCL and combined MCL + ACL division did the lateral condyle show in extension a higher peak pressure than the medial condyle. Division of the LCL and LCL + ACL resulted in an increase in peak pressure on the medial condyle, particularly in flexion. The highest peak pressure of all was measured in the 30° flexion position on the medial condyle after division of the LCL. The lowest at all was found on the lateral condyle in 15° flexion after LCL division. Additional ACL division resulted in only minor further changes. These results are important for the interpretation of clinically observed factors discussed in the etiology of secondary osteoarthritis of the knee and contribute to the theory of mechanical induction of osteoarthritis and osteochondritis dissecans.Presented in part at the 21st Congress of the Austrian Society of Orthopedic Surgery; May 5th–June 1st, 1991 in Linz/Austria