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This communication highlights scleral dellen as an unusual complication of strabismus surgery in a 55-year-old hypertensive male. The clinical significance, differential diagnosis and management of this condition has been discussed. 相似文献
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Hazards of smoking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A strong association exists between cigarette smoking and several diseases namely, cancer of the lung, bronchitis and emphysema, cancer of the larynx, oral cavity and oesophagus, gastric and duodenal ulcers, Crohn's disease, cancer of the bladder, coronary artery disease, macrocytosis, polycythaemia, leukaemia, etc. This is due to the harmful constituents of cigarette and other modalities smoking. Smokers not only harm themselves but also harm those around. Foetal malformations, abortions, stillbirths, prematurity and low birth weight are common in smoker mothers. These are the effects of passive smoking. There is no safer cigarette in the market even by lowering its harmful constituents. Mass education about the hazards of smoking with emphasis on complete stoppage of smoking is the only way to prevent its rising incidence. 相似文献
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Richard Werner Karsten Alfke Tobias Schaeffter Arya Nabavi H Maximilian Mehdorn Olav Jansen 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2004,52(6):1443-1447
A new method for the selective spin labeling of left- or right-sided supplying arteries of the brain without the need for additional RF coils is demonstrated. A clinical 1.5 T scanner was used. The spatial selectivity of the labeling process is based on the limited coverage of the excitation field of a standard send/receive head coil together with an oblique positioning of the labeling plane. A computer simulation was used to optimize key labeling parameters under the condition of laminar flow. The validity of the computer model results was confirmed by MRI measurements with a flow model. For human studies, a double-inversion continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) sequence was modified to allow for arbitrary positioning of the labeling plane. The obtained perfusion-weighted images showed a clear delineation of the perfusion territories of the selected arteries in the anterior circulation of the brain and good gray/white matter contrast. 相似文献
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An unusual retinal manifestation of arteriovenous communications is reported in a case showing a combination of Sturge-Weber and Kippel-Trenaunay syndromes. The arteriovenous communications are thought to be similar to those seen in the limbs in Parkes-Weber syndrome. This retinal finding indicates that the three syndromes are intricately related to each other and may be an incomplete manifestation of a single pathophysiologic entity which may be named neurocutaneous angiomatosis. 相似文献
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Neuroprotective effects of IGF-I against TNFalpha-induced neuronal damage in HIV-associated dementia
Ying Wang J Peruzzi F Lassak A Del Valle L Radhakrishnan S Rappaport J Khalili K Amini S Reiss K 《Virology》2003,305(1):66-76
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection often results in disorders of the central nervous system, including HIV-associated dementia (HAD). It is suspected that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) released by activated and/or infected macrophages/microglia plays a role in the process of neuronal damage seen in AIDS patients. In light of earlier studies showing that the activation of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) exerts a strong neuroprotective effect, we investigated the ability of IGF-I to protect neuronal cells from HIV-infected macrophages. Our results demonstrate that the conditioned medium from HIV-1-infected macrophages, HIV/CM, causes loss of neuronal processes in differentiated PC12 and P19 neurons and that these neurodegenerative effects are associated with the presence of TNFalpha. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IGF-I rescues differentiated neurons from both HIV/CM and TNFalpha-induced damage and that IGF-I-mediated neuroprotection is strongly enhanced by overexpression of the wt IGF-IR cDNA and attenuated by the antisense IGF-IR cDNA. Finally, IGF-I-mediated antiapoptotic pathways are continuously functional in differentiated neurons exposed to HIV/CM and are likely supported by TNFalpha-mediated phosphorylation of I(kappa)B. All together these results suggest that the balance between TNFalpha and IGF-IR signaling pathways may control the extent of neuronal injury in this HIV-related experimental setting. 相似文献
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