成都市1986～1993年阻塞性肺部疾患死因探讨

成都市１９８６～１９９３年阻塞性肺部疾患死因探讨杜其筠，许正炜，申仲华为探索阻塞性肺部疾患（ＣＯＰＤ）病因，制定有效的预防对策，现将成都市１９８６～１９９３年８年的ＣＯＰＤ死亡资料统计分析如下：１资料来源与方法死因资料为基层防疫网按规定上报经调查核实...     

水中氡的危害及监管现状

氡（Radon，Rn）是一种无色、无臭、无味的放射性气体，熔点-71℃，沸点-62℃，有25种同位素，它可以被压缩成透明的液体和不透明的炙热的（opaque glowing）固体。在自然界中，天然存在着3种氡的同位素，但是，在对氡进行危险性评价中，都特指^222Rn。^222Rn是地下岩石中的放射性元素铀衰变而来的。氡的半衰期为3．825d，其衰变物为钋、铅、铋等放射性金属原子，统称为氡子体，     

成都市12226例恶性肿瘤死亡分析与预防对策

本文对成都市七区两县１９８８──１９９０年恶性肿瘤１２２２６例死亡病例进行了不同人群年龄、性别、地区及顺位分析，并对就诊医院和诊断级别作了对比，还提出预防对策。     

病理性近视继发中心凹视网膜劈裂的固视特点

目的 观察病理性近视继发中心凹视网膜劈裂的固视特点.方法 屈光度≥-6.00 D、光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查证实有黄斑中心凹视网膜劈裂的患者36例42只眼纳入本研究.其中,合并中心凹处视网膜脱离者11只眼,合并黄斑裂孔者12只眼,无视网膜脱离及黄斑裂孔者19只眼;并以此分为3组.采用MP-1微视野计对3组患者行固视检查,记录受检眼固视点位置和2°视野范围内固视稳定性.结果 合并中心凹处视网膜脱离组及合并黄斑裂孔组患者偏心固视形成在中心凹上方;无视网膜脱离及黄斑裂孔组患者自然形成固视位置位于中心凹处视网膜.合并中心凹处视网膜脱离组、合并黄斑裂孔组、无视网膜脱离及黄斑裂孔组2°视野范围内固视稳定性分别为(23±4)%、(59±6)%、(91±11)%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=243.47,P＜0.01).结论 病理性近视继发中心凹视网膜劈裂无视网膜脱离及黄斑裂孔患者固视位置位于中心凹处,未形成偏心同视且同视稳定;合并中心凹处视网膜脱离及黄斑裂孔患者固视位置均位于上方视网膜,形成偏心同视.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the fixation features of foveoschisis in pathological myopia patients.Methods 36 patients(42 eyes)with>-6.00D myopic degree and foveoschisis who diagnosed by optical coherence tomography were included.The patients were divided into foveoschisis with retinal detachment group(11 eyes),foveoschisis with macular hole group(12 eyes)and only foveoschisis group(19 eyes).Micro-perimeter MP-1 was used to identify the fixation location and fixation stability.Results The eccentric fixation were formed above the foyea in the foveoschisis with retinal detachment and foveoschisis with macular hole group,the fixation location was formed on fovea in the only foveoschisis group.The fixation stability of the foveoschisis with retinal detachment,foveoschisis with macular hole and only foveoschisis group were(23±4)0A,(59±6)% ,(91±11)% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(F=243.47,P＜0.01).Conclusions The fixation location is formed on foyea in the patients with foveoschisis in pathological myopia.The eccentric fixation is formed above the fovea in the patients who has foveoschisis with retinal detachment and macular hole in pathological myopia.     

成都市恶性肿瘤死亡趋势与预防对策

成都市恶性肿瘤死亡趋势与预防对策杜其筠，许正炜，申仲华成都市卫生防疫站（成都６１００２１）为揭示我市人群恶性肿瘤死亡规律及医疗保健状况，进一步探索防治对策，现将成都市七区两县１９８８～１９９０年３年间１２２２６例恶性肿瘤死亡（以下简称癌亡）调查分析如...     

病理性近视继发中心凹视网膜劈裂的固视特点

Objective To observe the fixation features of foveoschisis in pathological myopia patients.Methods 36 patients(42 eyes)with>-6.00D myopic degree and foveoschisis who diagnosed by optical coherence tomography were included.The patients were divided into foveoschisis with retinal detachment group(11 eyes),foveoschisis with macular hole group(12 eyes)and only foveoschisis group(19 eyes).Micro-perimeter MP-1 was used to identify the fixation location and fixation stability.Results The eccentric fixation were formed above the foyea in the foveoschisis with retinal detachment and foveoschisis with macular hole group,the fixation location was formed on fovea in the only foveoschisis group.The fixation stability of the foveoschisis with retinal detachment,foveoschisis with macular hole and only foveoschisis group were(23±4)0A,(59±6)% ,(91±11)% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(F=243.47,P＜0.01).Conclusions The fixation location is formed on foyea in the patients with foveoschisis in pathological myopia.The eccentric fixation is formed above the fovea in the patients who has foveoschisis with retinal detachment and macular hole in pathological myopia.     

病理性近视继发中心凹视网膜劈裂的固视特点

Objective To observe the fixation features of foveoschisis in pathological myopia patients.Methods 36 patients(42 eyes)with>-6.00D myopic degree and foveoschisis who diagnosed by optical coherence tomography were included.The patients were divided into foveoschisis with retinal detachment group(11 eyes),foveoschisis with macular hole group(12 eyes)and only foveoschisis group(19 eyes).Micro-perimeter MP-1 was used to identify the fixation location and fixation stability.Results The eccentric fixation were formed above the foyea in the foveoschisis with retinal detachment and foveoschisis with macular hole group,the fixation location was formed on fovea in the only foveoschisis group.The fixation stability of the foveoschisis with retinal detachment,foveoschisis with macular hole and only foveoschisis group were(23±4)0A,(59±6)% ,(91±11)% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(F=243.47,P＜0.01).Conclusions The fixation location is formed on foyea in the patients with foveoschisis in pathological myopia.The eccentric fixation is formed above the fovea in the patients who has foveoschisis with retinal detachment and macular hole in pathological myopia.     

成都市三圈7个乡镇和社区卫生服务机构药品使用现况调查——三圈七院六站预调查报告之三

目的通过预调查了解成都市基层医疗卫生机构用药和合理用药情况，为进一步全面调查和循证制定成都市基层基本药物目录制度提供证据，促进合理用药。方法收集成都市7个城乡基层卫生机构最近一个年度的用药记录，包括药品种类、品种数、金额和使用量。采用描述性分析和ABC分类法统计药物信息，计算基层卫生机构实际用药占WHO基本药物示范目录、医保目录和国家基本药物目录的比例。结果成都市一圈乡院／中心用药品种数是二，三圈乡院的4倍，二、三圈使用品种数最多的三类西药为抗感染药、消化系统用药、维生素类药、矿物质与微量元素；使用品种数最多的中成药分别是内科类、外科类、妇科类。总金额西药约占60％，中成药占40％。乡院／中心不合理用药表现为：过度使用注射剂、过度使用药品和抗生素不合理使用。结论建议循证筛选并缩减国家基本药物目录收录的药物品种，根据不同地区的疾病负担、支付水平和用药需求制订区域性基本药物目录，再将地区目录与药品报销目录整合，有利于提高基本药物的使用率。控费重点是金额比例较高的药物。合理用药监测重点是使用频度比例较大的药物。应成都市卫生局资助项目成立药物与治疗学委员会，围绕基本药物目录的建设、使用、报销和患者满意度开展动态监测、教育、评价和持续改进。     

黄斑区脉络膜新生血管患眼光动力疗法治疗前后黄斑结构和功能的光相干断层扫描联合微视野检查

光动力疗法(PDT)是治疗脉络膜新生血管(CNV)安全、有效的方法之一[1].光相干断层扫描(OCT)可以对PDT治疗前后CNV大小、视网膜厚度等形态结构变化进行观察.中心视力虽可以反映黄斑视功能,但CNV导致中心暗点的产生,使中心视力及基于中心视力的检查不能真实地反映黄斑视功能变化.微视野计可以对低视力及固视不良的黄斑疾病患者进行视野定量检测,在黄斑疾病的诊断及随访中正受到越来越多的关注[2].     

还少丹胶囊抗衰老及治疗肾阳虚临床观察

采用中药古成方还少丹胶囊,对309例中老年肾虚患者,以不同剂量进行为期1.5～3个月治疗,并与还少丹水泛丸及安慰剂以单盲或双盲法进行对比观察。结果:还少丹胶囊大、小剂量组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)组,还少丹水泛丸大、小剂量组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)及胶囊小剂量短疗程组(Ⅴ组)治疗前后症状记分比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.001,<0.01),而安慰剂组治疗前后差异无显著性意义。Ⅰ～Ⅳ组的近视力、握力、心理衰老、瞬时记忆记分治疗后均有明显改善(P<0.05):血清过氧化脂质、肾上腺皮质激素、超氧化物歧化酶、细胞免疫功能等.治疗后均有改善.与安慰剂组比较P<0.05,胶囊组与水泛丸组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),说明两种剂型均有抗衰老及补肾作用。