姜黄素对原代急性髓性白血病细胞凋亡及调控蛋白Mcl-1、Bax、Bak表达的影响

为探讨姜黄素诱导急性髓系白血病(AML)原代细胞凋亡的作用及其机制,采用流式细胞术作细胞周期分析并检测Sub-G1峰值;SABC法检测Bcl-2家族Mcl-1、Bax和Bak蛋白表达.结果显示姜黄素不影响初治AML原代细胞细胞周期进展,但使Sub-G1峰值升高(P＜0.05).在初治AML原代细胞,同样处理可下调Mcl-1表达、上调Bax和Bak表达,且结果有显著性差异.提示姜黄素可诱导初治AML患者原代细胞凋亡,＆1-2基因家族成员参与姜黄素诱导白血病细胞凋亡.     

BCL-XL异质性表达与复发急性髓性白血病细胞体外生长类型的关系

选择１５例复发急性髓性白血病（ＡＭＬ）患者,研究ＢＣＬ－ＸＬ的异质性表达与复发ＡＭＬ细胞体外生长类型的关系。用白血病祖细胞培养（ＣＦＵ－Ｌ）判断生长类型,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法检测 ＢＣＬ－ＸＬ ｍＲＮＡ的表达丰度。结果：ＣＦＵ－Ｌ检测中,１０例为生长型,其ＢＣＬ－ＸＬ ｍＲＮＡ ９例高表达,１例为低表达;ＣＦＵ－Ｌ检测 ５例为不生长型,ＢＣＬ－ＸＬ ｍＲＮＡ均为低表达（ Ｐ＜０．０１）。在复发ＡＭＬ中,ＢＣＬ－ＸＬ ｍＲＮＡ的高表达与其细胞体外生长类型有关,提示与其细胞的自分泌生长有关,可以作为复发ＡＭＬ再生耐药的一个判断指标。     

PBL及mini-CEX量表运用于八年制血液科见习带教的探索

目的　为进一步提高八年制医学生血液内科见习教学水平、完善测评与反馈机制,探讨PBL教学及mini-CEX量表测评法在血液内科见习带教中运用的可行性。方法　选取参与血液内科临床见习的５４名八年制医学生平均分为两组,将PBL教学法与传统见习带教进行对比,同时采用mini-CEX量表对学生的进行临床能力评估。应用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果　问诊技巧、临床诊断、治疗计划方面的测试,PBL教学组均优于传统教学组（P＜0.05）;人文关怀的测试,PBL教学组成绩优于传统教学组（P=0.03）。在理论知识,体格检查及操作能力方面,PBL教学组与传统教学组比较无差异。PBL教学组从全神贯注于小组讨论、及时与正面反馈、适时及正确引导、适时纠正学生错误、协助实现学习目标5个方面对教师进行评价,满意度均≥85%。结论　PBL与传统的教学方法相比,在血液内科见习带教中具有一定的优势,mini-CEX量表在见习生中的运用具有可操作性。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜242例临床分析

目的:总结儿童和成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathicthrombocytopenicpurpura,ITP)患者的临床特点。方法:对242例ITP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:儿童ITP组,140例,男女比例为1.5∶1,急性型87例(62.1%),起病前50.7%有诱因,治疗前血红蛋白为(121±16)g/L;成人ITP组,102例,男女比例为1∶3.6,74.5%为慢性型,仅15.7%发病前有诱因,治疗前血红蛋白量为(108±30)g/L。两者的性别构成、分型、起病诱因、血红蛋白量比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无论儿童还是成人ITP,治疗前骨髓巨核细胞数增多者的疗效明显优于巨核细胞数正常或减少者(均为P<0.05)。随访病例中31例(78%)儿童ITP痊愈,2例(5%)成人ITP痊愈。结论:儿童ITP通常起病急、病情可自行缓解,预后好;成人ITP起病隐袭,多呈慢性经过,病情反复发作。ITP患者治疗前骨髓巨核细胞数增高者比正常或减少者疗效好,检查骨髓巨核细胞数有助于临床判断疗效。     

获得性血友病甲2例报告并文献复习

目的: 探讨获得性血友病甲的临床特点,以提高对该病的认识.方法: 分析2例获得性血友病甲患者的临床资料,包括其临床表现、实验室检查及治疗经过,并结合相关文献进行复习.结果与结论: 2例患者均为老年男性,表现为自发性广泛皮下出血及软组织血肿,活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)明显延长且不能被正常血浆纠正,血浆凝血因子Ⅷ凝血活性部分(factor Ⅷ coagulant activity,FⅧ :C)活性下降,抗FⅧ:C抗体滴度升高,予输注FⅧ浓缩制剂及肾上腺皮质激素、人血丙种球蛋白后出血控制.获得性血友病甲可致严重出血,及早诊断、及早控制出血、及时补充缺乏的凝血因子,清除抗FⅧ:C抗体是成功治疗的关键.     

家兔动脉粥样硬化与血小板源内皮型氧化氮合酶表达的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of atheroselerosis progression and the expression of platelet derived endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rabbits. Methods A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Six of the animals were fed with normal food (control group). Eighteen rabbits were fed with cholesterol-rich food (1 g/d) for 12 weeks to establish the atherosclerosis model. Among 18 models, 6 rabbits were executed immediately and their aorta and platelet samples were collected for further analysis (model group), 6 rabbits were orally administered with pravastatin (10 rag/d) for additional 12 weeks (treated group), and the remaining 6 rabbits were left untreated until the end of the study (untreated group). The control, treated and untreated animals were then killed, and the aorta and platelet samples were collected for eNOS expression analysis (RT-PCR). Results The aorta samples in model and untreated group exhibited rough intima and a lot of longitudinal fatty streaks, which indicated that atherosclerosis models were established successfully. While in treated group, the degree of atherosclerosis was decreased. The average percent of thickness of fatty streaks or atheroselerotic plaques relative to the whole thickness of vessel walls was 0. 04±0. 02, 0. 82±0. 16, 0. 33±0. 18,0. 77±0. 14 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The thickness of fatty streaks or atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased in the model and untreated groups and decreased in treated group compared with the control group (both P<0. 05). The expressions of platelet derived eNOS/mRNA were 1. 02± 0. 28, 0. 41± 0. 27, 1.00 ± 0. 77, 0. 40±0. 29 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The expression of eNOS/mRNA was markedly decreased in model group and untreated group compared with the control group, but was increased in treated group compared with untreated and model groups (F=3. 544, P = 0. 024). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between eNOS expression and atherosclerosis development, which suggests that the reversal effect of pravastatin on atheroselerosis progression and plaque formation may relate to the expression of platelet derived eNOS.     

家兔动脉粥样硬化与血小板源内皮型氧化氮合酶表达的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of atheroselerosis progression and the expression of platelet derived endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rabbits. Methods A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Six of the animals were fed with normal food (control group). Eighteen rabbits were fed with cholesterol-rich food (1 g/d) for 12 weeks to establish the atherosclerosis model. Among 18 models, 6 rabbits were executed immediately and their aorta and platelet samples were collected for further analysis (model group), 6 rabbits were orally administered with pravastatin (10 rag/d) for additional 12 weeks (treated group), and the remaining 6 rabbits were left untreated until the end of the study (untreated group). The control, treated and untreated animals were then killed, and the aorta and platelet samples were collected for eNOS expression analysis (RT-PCR). Results The aorta samples in model and untreated group exhibited rough intima and a lot of longitudinal fatty streaks, which indicated that atherosclerosis models were established successfully. While in treated group, the degree of atherosclerosis was decreased. The average percent of thickness of fatty streaks or atheroselerotic plaques relative to the whole thickness of vessel walls was 0. 04±0. 02, 0. 82±0. 16, 0. 33±0. 18,0. 77±0. 14 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The thickness of fatty streaks or atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased in the model and untreated groups and decreased in treated group compared with the control group (both P<0. 05). The expressions of platelet derived eNOS/mRNA were 1. 02± 0. 28, 0. 41± 0. 27, 1.00 ± 0. 77, 0. 40±0. 29 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The expression of eNOS/mRNA was markedly decreased in model group and untreated group compared with the control group, but was increased in treated group compared with untreated and model groups (F=3. 544, P = 0. 024). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between eNOS expression and atherosclerosis development, which suggests that the reversal effect of pravastatin on atheroselerosis progression and plaque formation may relate to the expression of platelet derived eNOS.     

三七皂苷单体对高血压病人血小板功能的影响

目的:以硝苯地平及1{β[3-4-甲基苯丙氧基-甲氧苯]-1-H-盐酸咪唑}(SK&F96365)为对照,探讨三七皂苷单体人参皂苷-2A对血小板聚集功能的作用。方法:肘静脉采高血压病人血标本30份,正常人血标本30份,常规制备富含血小板血浆,分别用不同浓度的硝苯地平、SK&F96365、人参皂苷-2A孵育,以2μmol/L二磷腺苷为诱聚药,连续5次测定5分钟血小板的聚集率,以血小板最大聚集率(maximal platelet aggregation,PAGmax)为观察指标。结果:①高血压病人PAGmax为0.89±0.06,与正常人PAGmax0.68±0.07比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);②两种浓度(10 μmol/L、20 μmol/L)的硝笨地平时正常人和高血压病人PAGmax均无影响;③4种浓度(2.5 μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μmol/L、20μmol/L)的SK&F96365对高血压病组的PAGmax均有抑制作用(均为P<0.05);④4种浓度(2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μ,mol/L、20 μmol/L)的人参皂苷-2A对高血压病组的PAGmax均有抑制作用(均为P<0.05);3种浓度(5 μmol/L、10 μmol/L、20 μmol/L)的人参皂苷-2A对正常组的PAGmax均有抑制作用(均为P<0.05)。结论:高血压病人血小板聚集功能明显高于正常人,血小板呈高反应状态,是血栓形成的重要因素之一;硝苯地平不能抑制血小板聚集;SK&F96365能抑制血小板的聚集功能;人参皂     

血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂RGDS对血小板释放反应的影响

【目的】观察血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa（GPⅡb/Ⅲa）拮抗剂——四肽Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser（RGDS）对血小板聚集和CD62p表达的作用,探讨RGDS对血小板聚集和释放反应的影响。【方法】检测二磷酸腺苷（ADP;终浓度5μmol/L,下同）诱导血小板聚集的最大聚集率（rPA,max）、静息血小板和ADP诱导的血小板CD62p表达,检测不同浓度RGDS对ADP诱导的rPA,max的抑制率和血小板CD62p表达的抑制率,进行回归分析。【结果】5种浓度（50、100、200、400、800μmol/L）的RGDS对rPA,max均有显著抑制作用。正常人静息血小板CD62p表达率为（3.5±0.6）%;ADP激动的血小板CD62p表达率为（65.6±13.8）%,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;50、100μmol/L的RGDS对血小板CD62p表达无抑制作用;当RGDS浓度≥200μmol/L时（200、400、800μmol/L）,其可抑制血小板CD62p的表达;RGDS对rPA,max的抑制作用和其对血小板CD62p表达的抑制作用相关。【结论】RGDS浓度〈200μmol／L时，对ADP诱导的血小板释放反应无影响；RGDS浓度≥200μmol/L时，可抑制ADP诱导的血小板释放反应；与RGDS显著的抗聚集效应相比，其对血小板释放反应的影响比较小：RGDS抑制血小板释放反应的作用与其抗血小板聚集有关。     

血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂RGDS对血小板释放反应的影响

 【目的】观察血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa（GPⅡb/Ⅲa）拮抗剂——四肽Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser（RGDS）对血小板聚集和CD62p表达的作用,探讨RGDS对血小板聚集和释放反应的影响。【方法】检测二磷酸腺苷（ADP;终浓度5μmol/L,下同）诱导血小板聚集的最大聚集率（rPA,max）、静息血小板和ADP诱导的血小板CD62p表达,检测不同浓度RGDS对ADP诱导的rPA,max的抑制率和血小板CD62p表达的抑制率,进行回归分析。【结果】5种浓度（50、100、200、400、800μmol/L）的RGDS对rPA,max均有显著抑制作用。正常人静息血小板CD62p表达率为（3.5±0.6）%;ADP激动的血小板CD62p表达率为（65.6±13.8）%,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;50、100μmol/L的RGDS对血小板CD62p表达无抑制作用;当RGDS浓度≥200μmol/L时（200、400、800μmol/L）,其可抑制血小板CD62p的表达;RGDS对rPA,max的抑制作用和其对血小板CD62p表达的抑制作用相关。【结论】RGDS浓度〈200μmol／L时，对ADP诱导的血小板释放反应无影响；RGDS浓度≥200μmol/L时，可抑制ADP诱导的血小板释放反应；与RGDS显著的抗聚集效应相比，其对血小板释放反应的影响比较小：RGDS抑制血小板释放反应的作用与其抗血小板聚集有关。