首乌熟地饮对MPTP致帕金森病小鼠模型多巴胺能神经元的影响

为了研究首乌熟地饮对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-te-trahydropyridine,MPTP)诱致帕金森病模型小鼠多巴胺能神经元的影响及其可能机制。该实验将小鼠分为4组:正常组、首乌熟地饮组(对照组)、MPTP组(模型组)、MPTP+首乌熟地饮组(干预组),分别给予首乌熟地饮(对照组和干预组)和去离子水(正常组和模型组)灌胃30d;随后模型组和干预组腹腔注射MPTP,正常组和对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,7 d后应用免疫组化检测各组黑质区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元细胞数目,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测各组TH m RNA及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)m RNA的表达量。结果显示,腹腔注射MPTP的模型组和干预组的TH阳性神经元数和TH m RNA表达量均明显少于正常组和对照组(P0.05);但模型组与干预组之间黑质的TH阳性神经元数和TH m RNA表达量无明显差异。与模型组相比,首乌熟地饮使干预组黑质区4种亚型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的m RNA表达量均有不同程度增加,但差异并无统计学意义。这表明了首乌熟地饮对MPTP诱致帕金森病模型小鼠多巴胺能神经元凋亡不具有预防保护作用,但其或许通过增加GPX表达从而增强小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

Salmonella Typhi： from a Human Pathogen to a Vaccine Vector

Salmonella （S.） typhi is an important intracellular pathogen. Among the more than 2,300 closely-related Salmonella serovars bacteria recognized, S. typhi is the only one that is pathogenic exclusively for humans, in whom it causes typhoid or enteric fever. The pathogen has been around for many years and many studies have been done in an effort to combat it. Molecular and biologic features of S. typhi and host factors and immune responses involved in Salmonella invasion have been extensively studies. Vaccines that have been developed most notably are Vi polysaccharide and Ty21a. However, as the results show, there is still a long way to go. It is also shown that multi-drug resistance has occurred to the few available antibiotics. More and more studies have shown that Salmonella can be used as a vaccine vector carrying antigens of other pathogens. This has been promising in that the immune system can be elicited in response to both the Salmonella bacteria and the antigen of the pathogen in question. This review aims to highlight some of the milestones attained in the fight against the disease from the time S. typhi was seen as a pathogen causing typhoid fever to the use of Salmonella as a vaccine vector. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.     

L-ficolin对A型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的保护作用

目的:探讨L-ficolin分子与A型H1N1流感病毒的相互作用机制。方法:将pcDNA3.1-L-ficolin真核表达质粒以及对照质粒分别肌注小鼠后感染A型H1N1流感病毒,观察感染小鼠的体重变化、肺内病毒血凝滴度,并通过肺指数以及肺组织HE染色判断感染小鼠的肺部病变情况,ELISA检测肺组织IFN-γ和IL-4的水平。结果:A型H1N1流感病毒感染后,与对照组相比,注射了pcDNA3.1-L-ficolin质粒的小鼠体重无明显下降,肺内病毒血凝滴度较低,肺组织病变较轻,并且肺内IFN-γ和IL-4的水平增高。结论:pcDNA3.1-L-ficolin对小鼠抵御A型H1N1流感病毒感染有一定的保护作用,该质粒可作为抗流感病毒的新型候选制剂。     

Type IVB pilus operon promoter controlling expression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus nucleocapsid gene in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi elicits full immune response by intranasal vaccination

Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains have been considered to be attractive as potential live oral delivery vector vaccines because of their ability to elicit the full array of immune responses in humans. In this study, we constructed an attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhi strain stably expressing conserved nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) by integrating the N gene into the pilV gene, which was under the control of the type IVB pilus operon promoter in S. enterica serovar Typhi. BALB/c mice were immunized with this recombinant strain through different routes: intranasally, orogastrically, intraperitoneally, and intravenously. Results showed that the intranasal route caused the highest production of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG2a, and secretory IgA, where IgG2a was imprinted as a Th1 cell bias. Moreover, this recombinant live vaccine induced significantly high levels of specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities and increased gamma interferon-producing T cells compared with the parental strain. Our work provides insights into how the type IVB pilus operon promoter controlling SARS-CoV N gene expression in Salmonella might be attractive for a live-vector vaccine against SRAS-CoV infection, for it could induce mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses. Our work also indicates that the type IVB pilus operon promoter controlling foreign gene expression in Salmonella can elicit full immune responses by intranasal vaccination.