Asexual development of Cryptosporidium parvum within a differentiated human enterocyte cell line.

Unremitting diarrhea with malabsorption is associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection of the small intestine in patients with AIDS. The lack of a well-defined in vitro model of C. parvum infection has severely hampered research into the biology of cryptosporidial invasion of the host epithelial cell and development of new pharmacologic and immunologic therapies. The adherent human intestinal epithelial cell line HT29 when grown in glucose-free medium develops morphologic and functional characteristics of the small intestine enterocyte and was used to develop an in vitro model of infection. Cryptosporidium oocysts obtained from AIDS patients were applied to a monolayer of cloned, differentiated HT29.74 cells. Cells were fixed and stained to estimate the degree of parasite infection. Schizonts were easily distinguished from the host cell by light microscopy. Twenty-four hours after 10(5) oocysts were added to approximately 10(6) HT29.74 cells, Cryptosporidium infection rates varied from 50 to 120 schizonts per 1,000 cells. Among 14 different experiments, the mean infection rate was 91 (+/- 18) schizonts per 1,000 cells. Electron microscopy at 6 and 24 h confirmed intracellular localization and development of schizonts. The morphologic features of the cryptosporidial schizonts within HT29.74 cells, which included the presence of a dense band and feeder layer, were identical to those described during cryptosporidial infection of human enterocytes in patients with AIDS. Fewer schizonts were observed at 5 days and beyond. Infection of differentiated HT29.74 cells (62 and 65 schizonts per 1,000 cells at 24 and 72 h, respectively) was over five times more efficient than infection of undifferentiated HT29.74 cells (9 and 5 schizonts per 1,000 cells at 24 and 72 h, respectively). In vitro infection of differentiated HT29.74 cells will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms by which C. parvum infects the small intestinal epithelium and will allow a systematic evaluation of new therapeutic agents.     

Decoding glaucoma module premium edition

Background:Traditional methods for neuroretinal rim width measurement in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) employs the Bruch‘s membrane opening (BMO) as the anatomical border of the rim, referenced to a BMO horizontal reference plane, termed as “Bruch’s Membrane Opening-Horizontal Rim Width” (BMO-HRW). BMO-HRW is defined as the distance between BMO and internal limiting membrane (ILM) on the horizontal plane. In contrast, the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) employs a new parameter called “Bruch’s Membrane Opening–Minimum Rim Width” (BMO-MRW) with Glaucoma Module Premium Edition (GMPE). GMPE provides a novel objective method of optic nerve head (ONH) analysis using BMO, but the neuroretinal rim assessment is performed from the BMO to the nearest point on the ILM, rather than on the horizontal reference plane. It is the BMO-MRW and is defined as the minimum distance between the BMO and ILM in the ONH.Purpose:In this video, anatomy of the ONH and GMPE is decoded from a neophyte user’s point of view, as to why BMO-MRW is more important than the traditional BMO-HRW for glaucoma evaluation.Synopsis:The GMPE concepts are depicted in a novel dynamic (Clinical vs OCT Vs Histology) screenplay, detailing the below focal points with 2D & 3D animations: True Margin of ONH, Bruch’s Membrane (BM), Histology Vs OCT, BMO, Bruch’s Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width, Bruch’s Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width Versus Bruch’s Membrane Opening-Horizontal Rim Width, Alpha, Beta, Gamma Zone of ONH in OCT, Anatomic Positioning System, Impact of Fovea Bruch’s Membrane Opening Centre Axis.Highlights:This video also highlights, how with the advent of Anatomic Positioning System, scans were able to align relative to the individual’s Fovea-to-BMO-center (FoBMOC) axis at every follow-up, for accurately detecting changes, as small as 1 micron in BMO-MRW, thus creating a new world in diagnosing glaucoma and detecting glaucomatous progression with precision.Video link: https://youtu.be/6RqF5guAziw     

Protective effects of Terminalia arjuna against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Terminalia arjuna has been marked as a potential cardioprotective agent since vedic period. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark (TA-05) on Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. Male wistar rats were used as in vivo model for the study. TA-05 was administered orally to Wistar rats at different doses (0.42 mg/kg, 0.85 mg/kg, 1.7 mg/kg, 3.4 mg/kg and 6.8 mg/kg) for 6 days/week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, all the animals except saline and TA-05-treated controls were administered 20 mg/kg Dox intraperitonially. There was a significant decrease in myocardial superoxide dismutase (38.94%) and reduced glutathione (23.84%) in animals treated with Dox. Concurrently marked increase in serum creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) activity (48.11%) as well as increase in extent of lipid peroxidation (2.55-fold) was reported. Co-treatment of TA-05 and Dox resulted in an increase in the cardiac antioxidant enzymes, decrease in serum CKMB levels and reduction in lipid peroxidation as compared to Dox-treated animals. Electron microscopic studies in Dox-treated animals revealed mitochondrial swelling, Z-band disarray, focal dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and lipid inclusions, whereas the concurrent administration of TA-05 led to a lesser degree of Dox-induced histological alterations. These findings suggest that butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark has protective effects against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and may have potential as a cardioprotective agent.     

维吾尔族抑郁症患者认知功能研究

目的探讨维吾尔族抑郁症患者认知功能情况。方法采用威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)分别对38例住院抑郁症患者(研究组)及30例对照者(正常组)进行WCST测验。结果研究组正确应答数(115.37±11.67)、概念化水平百分数(60.37±19.37)较正常对照组低(P<0.05);而完成分类数(1.58±1.43)、总应答数(2.66±1.52)、错误应答数(55.00±13.31)、持续性应答数(32.11±14.71)、持续性错误数(8.76±14.91)、不能维持完整分类数(64.29±15.81)等项目数值则高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论维吾尔族抑郁症患者认知功能有一定损害。     

腭裂术后腭瘘的分类及其修复研究进展

腭瘘是腭裂术后最常见的并发症,影响患者的口腔卫生、语言功能及心理健康。目前腭瘘的定义及分类不尽相同,故腭瘘发生率的报道差异较大,发生率为0.8%~60%。本文对腭瘘的定义、分类及其修复方法进行综述。文献复习结果表明,目前缺少对腭瘘一致的定义及能全面反映腭瘘特点的分类法。腭瘘的修复方法有以下几种:邻近瓣主要用于穿孔<1 cm,且周围组织量足够的腭瘘修复;蒂在前的薄层舌背黏膜瓣是较大腭瘘的最常用方法;游离瓣主要适用于邻近瓣和带蒂都难以修复的顽固性及复杂的腭瘘;术中植入生物膜,形成3层封闭有助于减少创口复裂。离子体功能化电纺复合聚合物膜具有促血管形成作用,弹性及生物相容性良好,在动物模型上取得了良好的效果,但在人体上的安全性有待进一步研究。     

Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation as alternative to allotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

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新疆包虫病“医防结合”模式的建立及初步应用实践

目的 建立包虫病“医防结合”创新诊疗新模式,并将此模式应用推广。方法 选取新疆5个县级包虫病定点医院作为试点县,初步实施“医防结合”创新诊疗新模式。以伊犁州察布查尔县为例,探讨此模式初步实施效果。评估指标包括包虫病病人登记管理率、免费包虫病药品使用率、病人规范治疗率、随访督促服药率,治疗后的患者疗效得到科学评估。结果 梳理伊犁州察布查尔县人民医院2016年6月至2019年12月的包虫病患者救治情况,手术后服药患者137人,其中治愈患者109人,治愈率达79.6%;无手术指征药物治疗患者59人,治愈率16.9%,有效率59.3%。失访患者10人,病人规范治疗率94.9%;随访督促服药率94.9%。结论 实践证明,包虫病“医防结合”诊疗新模式的建立,在一定程度上规范了包虫病患者服药诊疗流程,可将此模式推广至其他县级包虫病定点医院。     

肝脏囊型包虫病腹腔镜与开腹根治性手术治疗的疗效比较

目的 评价和比较经腹腔镜与开腹根治性手术治疗肝脏囊型包虫病的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年5月至2013年1月收住并接受根治性手术治疗的肝脏囊型包虫病患者的临床资料,并对手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、平均术后住院时间、术后并发症进行统计学分析.结果 本研究共纳入153例患者,其中41例行经腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组)、112例行传统开腹手术(开腹组).腹腔镜组平均手术时间较开腹手术短,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.97,P＞0.05).腹腔镜组5例患者行中转开腹手术,中转开腹率为12.2％(5/41).2组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.00,P＞0.05).腹腔镜组平均术后住院时间为3～8 d,而开腹组为4～14d,差异有统计学意义(t=1.99,P＜0.05).腹腔镜组并发症发生率为4.9％(2/41)、开腹组并发症发生率16.0％(18/112),差异有统计学意义(x2=3.92,P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜肝包虫根治性手术治疗较传统开腹肝脏囊型包虫病手术治疗具有术后住院时间短,并发症少,恢复快,复发率低的特点,在严格选择患者的条件下是安全和可行的.