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1.
Phan TG Nishimura S Okame M Nguyen TA Khamrin P Okitsu S Maneekarn N Ushijima H 《Journal of medical virology》2004,74(1):173-179
A total of 236 fecal specimens collected from infants and children with gastroenteritis in Maizuru city, Japan from July 2002 to June 2003, were tested for the presence of rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses by RT-PCR, PAGE, RPHA, and latex agglutination methods. Among diarrheal viruses detected, group A rotavirus was the most prevalent (32.2%; 76 of 236) followed by norovirus GII (21.2%; 50 of 236), group C rotavirus (10.2%; 24 of 236), adenovirus (3.8%; 9 of 236), sapovirus (2.5%; 6 of 236), astrovirus (1.3%; 3 of 236), and norovirus GI (0.8%; 2 of 236), respectively. It is noteworthy that group C rotavirus infection was apparently confined only within the period of 5 months (December 2002 through April 2003). This pattern of infection implied that the outbreak of group C rotavirus in these patients, which was the first outbreak of gastroenteritis attributed to group C rotavirus in Maizuru city. Moreover, about half (12 of 24) of group C rotavirus infected cases were confined to infants and young children less than 3 years old. Another interesting feature of the study was the demonstration of the mixed infections with group C rotavirus and group A rotavirus, as well as group C rotavirus and norovirus GII in 20.8% (5 of 24) and 8.3% (2 of 24), respectively. This is the first report of gastroenteritis associated with the mixed infections with group C rotavirus and other viral enteropathogens such as norovirus. The results indicate that group C rotavirus could infect not only older children and adults but also infants and young children under 3 years old. 相似文献
2.
Nopporn Sittisombut Niwat Maneekarn Kwanjai Viputtikul Jiraporn Supawadee Amornrat Kanjanahaluethai Watchara Kasinrerk 《Journal of medical virology》1995,45(1):43-49
The effect of interferon—γ (IFN-γ) on dengue virus multiplication in human peripheral blood mono-cytes was investigated. Enriched monocytes were treated with IFN-γ and then infected with dengue virus type 2 either directly or in the presence of optimal infection-enhancing levels of antibodies. Pretreatment of monocytes from dengue-immune donors with 100 IU/ml of IFN-γ caused 12- to 97-fold and 13- to 137-fold reduction of virus yields at 24 hr after infection in the absence and presence of an anti-flavivirus monoclonal antibody, respectively. IFN-γ also diminished virus yields when infection of monocytes from a donor who lacked anti-dengue antibody was enhanced 40-fold. The percentage of infected monocytes in IFN-γ-pretreated cultures was similarly reduced. Dominance of the antiviral effect of IFN-γ in monocytes is in contrast to an augmenting effect previously observed in the promonocytic cell line U937. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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目的 评价普芦卡必利(2 mg,每日1次)对中国慢性便秘患者的疗效及安全性.方法 采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照方法进行Ⅲ期临床研究,慢性便秘患者连续12周每日口服1次普芦卡必利(2 mg)或安慰剂.主要疗效指标为12周治疗期间平均每周完全自发排便(SCBM)≥3次的受试者比例.关键次要疗效指标为治疗前4周内平均每周完全自发排便(SCBM)≥3次的受试者比例.其他次要疗效指标包括每周平均SCBM次数、首次服药后出现第1次SCBM所需的时间、平均每周使用比沙可啶成灌肠剂的天数,并通过比较治疗前后PAC-SYM评分及PAC-QOL评分的变化评价患者的症状及生活质量改善情况.观察不良反应、实验室检查及心血管事件等安全性指标.结果 共筛选受试者446例,其中313例患者接受治疗,295例患者完成研究.治疗12周时,普芦卡必利组平均每周SCBM≥3次者的比例为39.4%,明显高于安慰剂组(12.7%,x2=29.50,P<0.01).治疗4周时,普芦卡必利组平均每周SCBM≥3次者的比例为40.0%,明显高于安慰剂组(13.3%,x2=28.58,P<0.01).患者总体症状及生活质量改善方面,普芦卡必利组优于安慰剂组.治疗期间常见的不良反应为腹泻、恶心、腹痛及头痛,基本为轻至中度,持续数天后即缓解.结论 普芦卡必利能显著且持续改善肠道功能,有效改善慢性便秘患者的相关症状,用以治疗中国慢性便秘患者安全、有效. 相似文献
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Chittrakarn S Sawangjaroen K Prasettho S Janchawee B Keawpradub N 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2008,116(1):173-178
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is an indigenous plant of Thailand used traditionally in folk medicine although it is claimed to cause addiction. It is used to treat diarrhea, however, there is no scientific evidence to support the use. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of kratom leaves on the rat gastrointestinal tract. Kratom extract at 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) caused a dose dependent protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats and also inhibited intestinal transit. The antidiarrheal effect was not antagonized by naloxzone. The inhibition of intestinal transit by kratom extract was significantly different from the control when treated with a single dose for 1 day. For longer-term treatments of 15 and 30 days, kratom extract did not decrease the intestinal transit time indicating that adaptation had occurred. Kratom extract at a dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days and morphine at 3 mg/kg (i.p.) caused a decrease in the increment of body weight that was significantly different from the control and kratom extract at lower doses (50 and 100 mg/kg). However it had no effect on the level of plasma cholecystokinin. The results suggested that methanolic kratom extract exhibited its antidiarrheal effect on rat gastrointestinal tract. The effects may occur via pathways in addition to the action on opioid receptors. High does of kratom extract decreased the increment of body weight similar to the effect of morphine. 相似文献
7.
Wonganuchitmeta SN Yuenyongsawad S Keawpradub N Plubrukarn A 《Journal of natural products》2004,67(10):1767-1770
A new scalarane-type sesterterpene, 12-deacetoxyscalarin 19-acetate (2), and two naturally new derivatives of manoalide-type sesterterpenes, (E)- and (Z)-neomanoalide 24,25-diacetates (3 and 4), were isolated from the Thai sponge Brachiaster sp., along with five other known sesterterpenes: heteronemin (1), heteronemin acetate (5), 12-epi-19-deoxyscalarin (6), 12-deacetyl-12-epi-19-deoxyscalarin (7), and manoalide 25-acetate (8). The antitubercular and cytotoxic activities of all eight compounds were evaluated to reveal the potent activity of compounds 1, 2, 5, and 8. Among these, compound 2 showed an interesting bioactivity profile, in possessing potent antitubercular activity and being practically inactive in the cytotoxicity bioassay. 相似文献
8.
Comparison of four reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedures for the detection of dengue virus in clinical specimens 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
9.
Takai S Tharavichitkul P Sasaki C Onishi Y Yamano S Kakuda T Tsubaki S Trinarong C Rojanasthien S Sirimalaisuwan A Tesaprateep T Maneekarn N Sirisanthana T Kirikae T 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2002,66(1):52-55
The prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in soil collected from 17 domestic animal farms (from 12 cattle, 1 pig, and 4 horse farms) and in 6 clinical specimens from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, was investigated. The isolates were tested for the presence of 15-17-kDa antigens (VapA) and a 20-kDa antigen (VapB) by immunoblotting and for the presence of virulence plasmid DNA. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from most soil samples (68 of 80) obtained from the 17 farms, with 2.0 x 10(2) to 6.0 x 10(5) colony-forming units per gram of soil. We detected VapA in none of the 537 isolates from the soil samples. In one isolate from a pig farm, both VapB and virulence plasmid DNA were detected. Of the 6 clinical isolates from patients with AIDS, however, 4 isolates contained both VapB and virulence plasmid DNA. The remaining 2 isolates were avirulent. 相似文献
10.
Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Thailand 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Rotavirus is a major cause of acute severe diarrhea in children worldwide and an important cause of death among young children in developing countries. Group A rotaviruses are antigenically complex and multiple serotypes infect humans. Reassortant rotavirus vaccines are now available which offer protection against severe illness caused by rotavirus serotypes G1-4. Before vaccines are introduced into target populations, it is necessary to establish the baseline data of the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in those countries. The purpose of the present study is to provide information related to the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Thailand. All rotavirus studies performed in Thailand were found through Medline and Thai Index Medicus searches. A total of 26 of the most relevant studies published in international and national journals are reviewed. Most studies reported that the prevalence of rotavirus infection in Thailand was 27-34%, although a few studies have reported a prevalence above this range. The peak seasonal distribution of rotavirus infection among children hospitalized with diarrhea in Thailand was seen in the dry cool seasons: October to February. The prevalence of rotavirus infection was most frequently found in children aged 6-11 months up to 2 years. G1 was the most prevalent serotype in Thailand, followed by G2, G4 and G3, respectively. At least three G serotypes, mostly G1, G2 and G4, are seen to coexist in Thailand each epidemic year and in some studies all four G-serotypes were reported in the same epidemics. In a 1996-1997 study, G9 was the third prevailing serotype after G1 and G2, respectively. These results indicate that rotavirus epidemics occur in Thailand every year and children are the most affected population. In Thailand, although G1-G4 have been reported, G1 is the most prevalent serotype in each epidemic and G9 is becoming increasingly common. 相似文献