神经导航辅助下经单鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤

目的评价神经导航系统在经单鼻腔蝶窦人路垂体腺瘤切除手术中的应用。方法24例病人术前行MRI或CT连续薄层扫描,将影像学资料输入Brain LAB Vector Vision神经导航系统进行三维重建,标记出肿瘤及重要结构后,设计最佳手术入路,术中在导航的引导下定位蝶窦前壁、鞍底、海绵窦、颈内动脉和斜坡等结构,切除肿瘤。结果24例患者均在神经导航引导下经鼻蝶入路顺利到达肿瘤部位；注册误差0．3～2．0mm,平均(1．21±0．39)mm；肿瘤全切除19例,次全切除3例,大部分切除2例；术后19例病人症状有不同程度的改善,5例无变化,术后无严重并发症出现。结论神经导航辅助下经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤切除术具有定位准确、创伤小等优点．效果良好。     

支气管结核纤维支气管镜下局部清理、注药与联合微波治疗的疗效比较

支气管结核患者由于支气管局部的肉芽组织增生、溃疡、干酪性坏死、管腔狭窄阻塞等改变，虽然使用强有力的全身抗痨方案治疗，亦很难将其治愈，常常迁延不愈，局部结构组织破坏明显，引起永久性狭窄、闭塞，导致肺不张、毁损肺等严重的并发症。全身抗痨结合纤维支气管镜清理支气管局部的增生肉芽、坏死组织后注入异烟肼、链霉素的方法可使疗效明显提高。近年来微波技术已逐渐应用于通过纤维支气管镜治疗多种气道疾病。现将我院近5年来确诊的支气管结核用纤支镜局部病灶清理、注抗痨药治疗与同时联合微波热灼治疗的疗效进行分析、报告如下。     

磁共振波谱分析在脑胶质瘤侵袭边界确定中的应用进展

脑胶质瘤是最常见的颅内肿瘤、局部侵袭是脑胶质瘤的一个显著特征．典型的肿瘤有一个中央坏死灶，周围致密肿瘤细胞区．外绕被肿瘤细胞侵袭的脑组织。手术仍是目前临床上最主要和最基本的治疗方法，在保存正常脑组织的前提下尽可能的切除肿瘤一直是脑胶质瘤手术治疗中应遵循的基本原则。     

Surgical strategy of one stage surgery of anterior release combined with posterior correction in treatment of severe scoliosis

Objective: Severe scoliosis refers to scoliosis with serious and stiff curve. It always combins with trunk imbalance in coronal and sagittal contour. Besides complex pathological changes, cardiopulmonary deficits and other concomitant diseases increase treatmental difficulties. So the treatment of severe scoliosis is always a great challenge to spine surgeon. Methods :Thirty-six patients with severe scoliosis received one stage posterior correction followed by anterior release during July 1997 to January 2003, including 9 males and 27 females. Mean age was 17.2 years. Of them, 33 was idiopathic scoliosis and 3 was neurofibromatosis scoliosis( Cobb angle: 85-116 degree); 20 cases were abnormal in sagital plane. Three-dimensional devised instrumentation were applied such as CD, CD-Horizon, TSRH or Isola in posterior procedure followed by anterior release during the same anesthesia. 31 cases of this group received thorac icplasty. Results: The correction in the frontal plane achieved an average of 48.5%. In the sagittal plane, the pathological shape of the spine was reduced and distinctly ameliorated. 80. 6% of the patients maintained or achieved balance of sagittal plane. There were no complications of severe neurological deficit, hook displacement, rod broken, and deep infection at follow-up. One case occurred traumatic pleurisy after operation and another appeared pseudarthrosis 2 years later. One case demonstrated imbalance 11 months after operation. One patient was presented loss of correction more than 10 degree at one year follow-up and 5.2 degree in average. Conclusion:The study indicates that the one stage posterior correction combined with anterior release in treatment of severe scoliosis can achieve satisfactory correction. Appropriate choice of cases, preoperational detailed assessment and application of SEP and wake-up test during operation can possibly reduce severe complication. The long-term outcomes still need further observation.     

颅盖畸形形成机制的研究进展

目的为深入了解颅盖畸形目前在国内外研究中的进展情况,探讨颅缝早闭过程中相关生长因子的作用,为今后的研究工作奠定基础。方法应用计算机检索PubMed数据库,检索英文相关文章,同时检索中国期刊全文数据库的相关中文文章,并查阅相关书籍。对资料进行初审,并查看文献后的引文。纳入与颅盖畸形形成机制有关的内容,排除不相关及重复文章。结果经对收集文章的整理,共纳入23篇文献。对纳入的颅盖畸形形成机制的文献,结合目前国内外研究状况进行综述。结论进一步研究颅缝过早闭合及相关生长因子的作用,将有助于阐明颅盖畸形形成机制,并更好地指导临床治疗。     

Effects of the antimigraine compound zolmitriptan ('Zomig') on psychomotor performance alone and in combination with diazepam in healthy volunteers

Zolmitriptan (Zomig^TM) is a 5HT_1B/1D agonist which has the ability to cross the intact blood-brain barrier to access central as well as peripheral receptors. Because of the potential for central nervous system side effects, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-period crossover study evaluated the effects of 2.5 and 5 mg doses of zolmitriptan on psychomotor performance and investigated any pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interaction with diazepam. Twelve healthy volunteers received the following "treatments" as single doses: zolmitriptan 2.5 mg, zolmitriptan 5 mg, diazepam 10 mg, zolmitriptan 2.5 mg+diazepam 10 mg, zolmitriptan 5 mg+diazepam 10 mg and placebo. Pre-dose and at 1, 4, 8, and 24 h post-dose, the following validated battery of psychomotor tests was performed: Bond-Lader visual analogue scales (calmness, contentedness, and alertness factors), critical flicker fusion test, choice reaction time (recognition, motor, and total reaction times), finger-tapping test, number cancellation test and digit symbol substitution test. Plasma concentrations of zolmitriptan, its active metabolite, and diazepam and its active metabolites were measured at the same timepoints. Zolmitriptan 2.5 and 5 mg had no effect on psychomotor function when given alone. In contrast, diazepam 10 mg had profound effects, consistent with its sedative properties, but there was no synergism on concomitant administration of either dose of zolmitriptan. Plasma concentrations of zolmitriptan, diazepam, and their respective active metabolites were similar when the two drugs were given alone or in combination.     

Indapamide inhibits endothelium-dependent contractions in the aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Summary— Experiments were designed to determine whether or not indapamide, an antihypertensive agent with vasodilator properties, inhibits endothelium-dependent contractions. Rings of aortae with and without endothelium from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were suspended in conventional organ chambers for the measurement of isometric force. Acetylcholine and adenosine diphosphate-β-S in the presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, caused endothelium-dependent contractions, which were inhibited by indapamide. The compound (10⁻⁴M) also slightly reduced the contractions of rings without endothelium evoked by U-46,619, which activates thromboxane-endoperoxide receptors. These results demonstrate that indapamide inhibits endothelium-dependent contractions in the SHR aorta, and suggest that the inhibition is due, at least in part, to the action of the drug on the hypertensive vascular smooth muscle.     

脊柱侧凸患者椎弓根形态变化与椎弓根外固定术的应用

目的：观测脊柱侧凸患者胸椎弓根等结构的形态变化，于脊柱侧凸矫形术中应用自行设计的胸椎椎弓根外内固定技术，探讨其临床意义。方法：对30例脊柱侧凸患者行术前CT扫描，观测椎弓根形态变化及椎体旋转程度，主动脉位置变化等；对过窄或变形严重的椎弓根行胸椎椎弓根根外内固定，观察效果。结果：CT扫描发现，侧凸患者凹侧椎弓根直径明显窄于凸侧椎弓根直径，差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。凹侧及凸侧椎弓根直径都明显小于相应肋骨．椎弓根单元直径，差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。椎体呈楔形变，主动脉位置相对向后外侧移位；临床选择5例侧凸病人共24个胸椎弓根过细（小于2mm）或变形严重不适合经椎弓根内固定，而对这部分椎弓根行椎弓根根外内固定取得满意效果，无神经血管并发症发生，经3，6及12个月随访无螺钉拔出或松动，无矫正度丢失。结论：脊柱侧凸病人椎弓根等结构的形态发生了改变；在脊柱侧凸病人中应用胸椎椎弓根根外内固定技术具有操作简单安全、固定牢固可靠等优点，具有临床实用价值。