铜（Ⅱ）的－N（2－羟基乙基）水杨醛亚胺配合物的合成及抑菌活性

合成了４种－Ｎ（２－羟基乙基）水杨醛亚胺合铜（Ⅱ）类配合物，其结构经红外光谱、元素分析，原子吸收证实，并对其抑菌活性进行了试验。结果表明，配合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ对４种革兰氏阳性菌和一种革兰氏阴性菌有抑菌活性。     

Immunohistochemical analysis of survivin expression in thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma.

Survivin is one of the 8 members of human inhibitor of apoptosis , which is differentially expressed in cancerous/transformed cells versus normal differentiated tissues. This retrospective study of thyroid histologic samples aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of survivin immunostaining for discrimination between follicular adenoma and carcinoma of thyroid. Immunohistochemical staining for survivin was performed on 41 lesions from patients who had undergone surgery for either follicular adenoma or carcinoma of thyroid. Survivin expression was significantly (P < 0.005) higher in the cases that received a diagnosis of carcinoma in comparison with follicular adenomas cases. Odds ratio of follicular carcinoma for survivin expression was 21.375 (95% CI: 3.283 to 139.177). Our results showed potential value of survivin in discrimination between follicular thyroid adenoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma. We conclude that survivin is a potential candidate for further investigation in the proper histologic diagnosis of thyroid cancers.     

Modeling human hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy in nonhuman primates.

In the field of gene therapy, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are attractive targets because of their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. These properties make them suitable for treatment of many genetic and hematologic disorders (ie, hemoglobinopathies). The initial trials of gene therapy in humans using HSCs were adopted based on studies done in mice. Not surprisingly, the successful results achieved in the murine experiments almost 20 years ago were not translated into success in humans. This failure led to systematic studies in large animal models, including nonhuman primates, of different variables that are known to have an effect on overall gene transfer efficiency. These factors include increasing gene transfer efficiency by using an optimal combination of stimulatory growth factors in transduction media, use of improved retroviral vectors with different pseudotypes, and testing new vectors, such as lentiviral vectors and use of in-vivo/ex-vivo selection systems. In this review, progress and new developments achieved in nonhuman primates and their relevance to the field of human HSC gene therapy are discussed.     

Macrophages and mesenchymal stromal cells support survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by almost exclusive tropism of malignant cells for the bone marrow (BM) milieu. The survival and proliferation of malignant plasma cells have been shown to rely on interactions with nonmalignant stromal cells, in particular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), in the BM microenvironment. However, the BM microenvironment is composed of a diverse array of cell types. This study examined the role of macrophages, an abundant component of BM stroma, as a potential niche component that supports malignant plasma cells. We investigated the proliferation of MM tumour cell lines when cultured alone or together with MSCs, macrophages, or a combination of MSCs and macrophages, using the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester assay. Consistently, we observed increased proliferation of MM cell lines in the presence of either MSCs or macrophages compared to cell line-only control. Furthermore, the combined co-culture of MSCs plus macrophages induced the greatest degree of proliferation of myeloma cells. In addition to increased proliferation, MSCs and macrophages decreased the rate of apoptosis of myeloma cells. Our in vitro studies provide evidence that highlights the role of macrophages as a key component of the BM microenvironment facilitating the growth of malignant plasma cells in MM.     

Potential role of mesenchymal stromal cells in pancreatic islet transplantation

Pancreatic islet transplantation is an attractive option for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus but maintaining long term islet function remains challenging. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), derived from bone marrow or other sources, are being extensively investigated in the clinical setting for their immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative properties. Indeed, MSCs have been already tested in some feasibility studies in the context of islet transplantation. MSCs could be utilized to improve engraftment of pancreatic islets by suppressing inflammatory damage and immune mediated rejection. In addition to their immunomodulatory effects, MSCs are known to provide a supportive microenvironmental niche by secreting paracrine factors and depositing extracellular matrix. These properties could be used for in vivo co-transplantation to improve islet engraftment, or for in vitro co-culture to prime freshly isolated islets prior to implantation. Further, tissue specific pancreatic islet derived MSCs may open new opportunities for its use in islet transplantation as those cells might be more physiological to pancreatic islets.     

Nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells as a preclinical model for hematopoietic and vascular repair

Stem cell-based regenerative medicine therapies have been touted recently as a novel therapeutic approach to treat and cure a wide range of diseases. Both adult and embryonic stem (ES) cells can serve as important sources of precursor cells to derive more mature cells potentially utilized for clinical applications. Nonhuman primates have proven useful as a preclinical model, as demonstrated in studies of hematopoietic cell transplantation, gene therapy, and other areas. The derivation of nonhuman primate ES cells now provides an optimal resource to characterize and test ES cell-based therapies prior to trials with human ES cells. This review describes work to define strategies and mechanisms to derive blood and endothelial cells from nonhuman primate ES cells isolated from various species. Preclinical testing that solely relies on studies of putative therapeutic cells derived from mouse ES cells transplanted into other mice, or analyses of human ES cell-derived cells transplanted into immunodeficient or immunosuppressed rodents may not be predictive of efficacy in subsequent human trials. However, future testing using nonhuman primate ES cell-derived therapeutic cells done as an allogeneic transplant may best predict success for subsequent studies using human ES cells. Therefore, additional research on nonhuman primate ES cells, in addition to work on mouse and human ES cells, is greatly needed to facilitate clinical translation of new stem cell treatments.     

Donor Experiences of Second Marrow or Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection Mirror the First,but CD34+ Yields Are Less

Little is known about the experiences of individuals donating peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) or marrow for a second time. To study this, unrelated donors making a second donation through the National Marrow Donor Program between 2004 and 2013 were evaluated. Experiences of second-time donors giving marrow (n?=?118: first donation was PBSC in 76 and marrow in 42) were compared with those making only 1 marrow donation (n?=?5829). Experiences of second-time donors giving PBSCs (n?=?602) (first donation was PBSCs in 362; marrow in 240) were compared to first-time PBSC donors (n?=?16,095). For donors giving a second PBSC or marrow donation there were no significant differences in maximum skeletal pain, maximum symptoms measured by an established modified toxicity criteria, and recovery time compared with those who donated only once. Notably, the yield of marrow nucleated cells and PBSC CD34⁺ cells with second donations was less. As previously noted with single first-time donations, female (PBSCs and marrow) and obese donors (PBSCs) had higher skeletal pain and/or toxicity with a second donation. PBSC donors who experienced high levels of pain or toxicity with the first donation also experienced high levels of these symptoms with their second donation and slower recovery times. In conclusion, for most donors second donation experiences were similar to first donation experiences, but CD34⁺ yields were less. Knowledge of the donor's first experience and stem cell yields may help centers decide whether second donations are appropriate and institute measures to improve donor experiences.