手辅式腹腔镜治疗肾恶性肿瘤(附10例报告)

目的：探讨手辅式腹腔镜技术在肾恶性肿瘤手术中的应用。方法：采用手辅式腹腔镜技术进行肾癌根治术及肾盂癌根治术共10例。其中肾癌6例，肾盂癌4例。8例经腹腔入路，2例经腹膜后入路。结果：手术全部获得成功，没有严重的并发症，手术效果良好。患者随访6个月～3年。未见局部复发和远处转移。结论：手辅式腹腔镜肾癌根治术和肾盂癌根治术不仅保留了腹腔镜技术创伤少、恢复快的优点，还克服了常规腹腔镜手术的许多局限性，糅合了开放手术和腹腔镜技术的优势，提高了手术的安全性、根治性和操作的灵巧性．缩短了手术时间和手术者的培训时间。     

小干扰RNA介导的蛋白激酶Cε基因沉默对肾透明细胞癌769P细胞增殖及迁移侵袭的影响

目的 观察下调蛋白激酶Cε(PKCε)基因对肾透明细胞癌细胞株769P细胞的生长、侵袭及迁移能力的影响.方法 用脂质体将PKCε小干扰RNA (siRNA)转染至769P细胞中,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及Western blot分析PKCε基因及蛋白的表达;噻唑蓝(MTT)及单细胞克隆试验测定细胞的生长;划痕及侵袭试验检测细胞的侵袭和迁移能力.结果 通过siRNA下调769P细胞中PKCε的表达后,细胞的增殖能力下降明显(P＜0.05);同时,细胞的侵袭和迁移能力较正常细胞降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKCε可影响人肾透明细胞癌细胞株769P细胞的生长及细胞侵袭、迁移能力.     

手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(附31例报告)

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的临床应用价值.方法 采用手助腹腔镜行根治性膀胱切除术31例,其中利用手助操作通道的切口行回肠膀胱术24例,原位回肠新膀胱术7例;并观察围手术期的恢复情况及近期疗效.结果 31例手助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除均获成功,手术时间245～530 min,平均365.7 min;出血量100～500 ml,平均250.9 ml.其中3例需输血,输血率为9.7%.术后进食时间为2～15 d,平均4.3 d.住院时间平均19.7 d(9～83 d).术后6例发生围手术期并发症,占19.4%.31例患者均获随访,平均18个月(1～38个月),2例回肠膀胱切口疝,1例输尿管新膀胱吻合口狭窄.肺部转移及局部复发并全身转移各1例,带瘤生存.肿瘤转移死亡1例,猝死1例.其余27例无瘤存活.结论 手助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术是安全、可行的,尤其在复杂的根治性膀胱切除术中可以减少手术出血,降低手术难度,有效防止并发症的发生.     

个别辅导及调整剂量可提高西地那非的疗效

许多ED患者因自觉无效而停用西地那非。Gruenwald等对此进行了研究,以验证是否个别辅导和加大西地那非剂量(100 mg)能够提高治疗的顺应性及治疗的效果。通过报纸广告及全国5个勃起功能障碍(ED)研究中心入选ED患者。详细记录患者既往服药史及对其清晰地说明药物的性质和作用后纳入研究。每次随访给予患者4粒100 mg西地那非并指导药物使用。服用4粒和8粒后分别填写IIEF问卷表评价疗效,两次就诊之间分别在两个ED中心予以简短的电视性咨询内容辅导。研究共入选220例(27~88岁)患者。病史表明大部分患者初次服药时没有或很少得到药物使用指…     

腹腔镜及开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌8例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜和开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌患者的可行性和安全性。方法收集我院2004年6月至2009年3月期间收治的8例单侧上尿路肿瘤并浸润性膀胱癌行根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术及尿流改道手术患者的临床资料并进行随访分析。结果本组8例。男7例,女1例,平均年龄56岁。术前经膀胱镜、输尿管镜、B超和CT等检查证实为单侧上尿路肿瘤并浸润性膀胱癌,其中4例左肾盂癌和2例右肾盂癌合并膀胱癌,2例为左输尿管癌合并膀胱癌。2例行腹腔镜肾输尿管膀胱切除术及回肠膀胱术,平均手术时间470min,术中平均出血量275ml,均无输血,术后肠功能恢复时间为2d,下床活动时间为4d。6例患者行开放肾输尿管膀胱全切除术,其中4例行回肠膀胱术,另2例行输尿管造口术,平均手术时间366min,平均出血量767ml,平均输血量485ml,术后肠功能恢复时间为3.3d,下床活动时间平均为6.7d。8例患者术后均未出现并发症。术后病理结果 7例为尿路上皮癌,上尿路肿瘤分期分级为T2～4N0～1M0G2,膀胱癌为T2～3N0M0G3,另1例为左肾盂鳞癌T4N1M0合并膀胱鳞癌T3N0M0。术后平均随访24.6个月,鳞癌患者术后18个月因肿瘤广泛转移死亡,余7例患者无瘤生存至今。结论单侧上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌可行Ⅰ期根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术,腹腔镜下行该手术是可行及安全的,较开放手术创伤小,出血少,恢复快。     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

目的 评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G253例、G345例;肿瘤数目为单发、2～7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径＜3 cm者131例、≥3 cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例.185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗.采用电话随访方式,随访6～77个月,平均36个月.应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较.结果 185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%).根据患者实际情况计算,0、1～4、5～9、10～17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2～6、7～13、14～23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15).经x2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

蛋白激酶Cε在前列腺癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的 探讨蛋白激酶C ε(PKCε)在不同病理类型前列腺组织中的表达及与前列腺癌病理分级、分期的关系。 方法 正常前列腺(NP)组织标本10例、前列腺增生(BPH)组织标本10例、癌旁(PC)组织标本10例、前列腺癌(PCa)组织标本43例。免疫组化法检测各组织中PKCε的表达情况,分析PKCε表达与不同病理类型及PCa分级、分期的关系。 结果 PCa组PKCε表达阳性27例,BPH组无阳性表达,NP组1例,PC组2例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa组Gleason评分≥8分组中PKCε表达阳性12/13例,2～4分组4/10例,5～7分组11/20例,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。T3期PKCε表达阳性10/12例,T4期9/10例,T1、T2期分别为1/6例和7/15例,高分期与低分期组PKCε表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa转移组PKCε表达阳性9/10例,未转移组18/33例,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa患者血清PSA≤20 ng/ml者PKCε表达阳性7/15例,＞20 ng/ml组20/18例,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。 结论 PCa组织中PKCε的表达率较高,并且与PCa病理分级、分期呈正相关,临床上可考虑作为PCa预后因子之一。     

肾毛霉菌感染并肾血肿一例报告

患者 ,男 ,6 2岁。畏寒、发热 1个月 ,伴右腹及腰痛、全身黄染 2 0d ,于 2 0 0 2年 3月 2 8日入院。外院查患者ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL升高 ;B超示胆囊结石并急性胆囊炎 ,予抗炎、保肝治疗 ,病情无缓解。入院查体 :皮肤、巩膜中度黄染 ,右上腹、胆囊点压痛 ,肝区轻叩痛 ,右肾区叩痛明显。B超示胆囊结石 ,右肾包膜下血肿 (7.3cm× 3.2cm) ;尿常规 :LEU 4 、ERY 3 、RBC 2 ;血常规 :WBC 17.99× 10 9/L ,N 0 .75 4。血糖升高 ,戊肝抗体阳性 ,HIV抗体阴性。拟诊 :胆囊结石并感染 ,肾周血肿并感染 ,2型糖尿病 ,病毒性肝炎戊型。入…     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

原发性精囊癌1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性精囊癌的诊治方法.方法 分析收治的原发性精囊癌1例,结合文献进行复习.结果 经CT、MRI及经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下穿刺活检确诊为精囊腺癌,行左侧精囊肿物切除、右侧精囊切除、膀胱与前列腺部分切除及左输尿管膀胱再吻合术,术后恢复良好.现已随访23个月,未见复发转移.结论 原发性精囊癌临床罕见,术前诊断较为困难,TRUS引导下穿刺活检可明确诊断,应根据患者个体情况选择不同的根治性切除术.术后定期随访,注意是否复发转移.