电针对阿尔茨海默病大鼠海马突触可塑性及自噬相关蛋白的影响

目的 观察电针对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠海马区突触可塑性及自噬的影响,探讨电针改善AD认知功能障碍的相关机制。 方法 采用随机数字表法将30只健康雄性SD大鼠分为假手术组、模型组及电针组,通过向双侧海马CA1区注射Aβ1-42将模型组及电针组大鼠制成AD动物模型,假手术组同部位注射等量生理盐水。于造模成功后次日,电针组选取百会、双侧肾俞穴进行电针治疗,每次治疗20 min,每天治疗1次,每周治疗6次,连续治疗2周。于治疗结束后采用Morris 水迷宫检测各组大鼠学习记忆能力,采用MED64微电极阵列检测大鼠海马区长时程增强（LTP）变化,采用透射电镜观察海马区自噬小体形成情况,采用Western Blot法检测海马区自噬相关蛋白1（Beclin-1）及微管相关蛋白轻链3（LC3）含量。 结果 与模型组比较,电针组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P<0.05）,穿越平台次数显著增多（P<0.05）;电针组大鼠海马区神经元兴奋性突触后电位波幅百分比较模型组显著增高（P<0.05）;模型组大鼠海马神经元中有大量自噬体,而电针组明显减少;电针组大鼠海马组织LC3Ⅱ/LC3I比值和Beclin-1蛋白表达量均较模型组显著降低（P＜0.05）。 结论 电针百会、肾俞穴可改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆功能,促进海马LTP恢复,其治疗机制可能与调控海马神经细胞自噬水平有关。     

植物精油抗炎作用研究进展

炎症是一种常见的机体自我保护防御机制,随着现代社会对于抗炎药物的过度使用,使得炎症治愈率下降,这已经成为一个临床亟待解决的问题。植物精油是一种从芳香植物中提取的天然化合物,因其自身具有复杂的活性物质,故具有抗炎作用。现整理近11年的文献,从植物精油抑制相关炎性因子产生、镇痛、抗氧化活性、抗水肿四方面进行归纳总结植物挥发油抗炎作用,为植物精油的科研提供一定的借鉴。     

牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌体外抗菌作用及机制的初步研究北大核心CSCD

目的:探讨牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌体外抗菌活性及作用机制。方法:采用打孔琼脂扩散法与微量稀释法测定牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌的抑菌活性和最小抑菌浓度(MIC);牛至挥发油处理白假丝酵母菌后,测定真菌碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量、吸光度,麦角甾醇含量、胞外蛋白含量、线粒体中活性氧(ROS)含量;DAPI染色观察细胞核;结晶紫染色、扫描电镜观察菌体结构。结果:牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌的抑菌圈为(24±2)mm;最低抑菌浓度为1.98 mg/mL。形态学观察,牛至挥发油会破坏真菌细胞壁,使菌体扭曲变形,细胞核碎裂,菌液吸光值显著升高(P<0.01);与正常对照组相比,牛至挥发油2 mg/mL能提高菌液AKP含量、胞外蛋白含量、ROS含量,降低麦角甾醇含量(P<0.01)。结论:牛至挥发油可能通过破坏白假丝酵母菌菌体的完整性,以及导致线粒体功能障碍,促使细胞坏死的方式杀灭白假丝酵母菌,抑菌效果良好。具有广阔的应用前景。     

艾灸“肾俞”早期干预去卵巢合D-半乳糖注射AD样大鼠效应中的特异性

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of the early intervention with moxibustion at “Shènshū (肾俞 BL23) ” on learning and memory of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats modeled by ovariectomy and D-Galactose (D-Gal) injection and the effect on Ca²⁺/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway so as to provide the evidence for the acupoint selection in the early intervention with acupuncture and moxibustion for AD.MethodsSixty female SD rats at the age of 3 months were selected and randomly divided into a normal group, a sham-operation group, a model group, a “BL23” group, a “Wèishū” (胃俞BL21) group, and a non-acupoint group, 10 rats in each group. Except in the normal group and the sham-operation group, bilateral ovaries were removed in the other 4 groups. 3 days after the operation, D-Gal was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d for 90 days to establish AD rat model. In the sham-operation group, only the peripheral fat of ovarian was removed and 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally of the same dose for 90 days. In the “BL23” group, the “BL21” group and the non-acupoints group, since the 2nd day after ovariectomy, moxibustion was applied at 9:00 a.m. every day in the rats. The rats were fixed on a fixed table, the mild moxibustion with self-prepared moxa stick was applied to bilateral “BL23” “BL21” and the non-acupoint of each rat, the ignited end of moxa stick was 2 cm to 3 cm far from skin surface. The infrared thermometer was adopted to measure the temperature of the epidermis of each acupoint from time to time so as to maintain the local temperature to be (41 ± 0.5) °C. Mild moxibustion lasted for 10 min each time, consecutively for 5 days a week and at an interval of 2 days. The total consecutive intervention duration was 12 weeks. In the normal group and the sham-operation group, no moxibustion intervention was performed, but the rats were restricted in a same way during the experiment. At the end of modeling and intervention, water maze test was adopted to detect the learning and memory abilities of rats in each group. The western blotting was used to detect the expressions of p-CREB, p-CaMKII, CaMKII and CREB in hippocampus of rats in each group.Results(1)Navigation test: since Day 72, compared with the sham-operation group, the escape latencies in all of the consecutive 5 days were longer in the model group (all P < 0.05). Since Day 73, compared with the normal group, the escape latency in all of the consecutive 4 days was shorter in the “BL23” group (all P < 0.05). (2) Times across platform: compared with the normal group, the number of times consecutively crossing the platform was lower in the model group (P < 0.05). After moxibustion, compared with the model group, the number of times across platform was higher in the “BL23” group, indicating a statistical significance (P < 0.05). (3)Moving track of water maze spatial probe: the “tendency” strategy was displayed in the normal group and the sham operation group. The “marginal” strategy, which is commonly seen in the AD rats, was displayed in the model group. The “random” strategy was displayed in the “BL23” group. The “marginal” strategy was presented in the “BL21” group and the non-acupoint group. (4) Expressions of hippocampal P-CAMKII, CAMKII, CREB and P-CREB in the rats: compared with the normal group, the phosphorylation degrees of CAMKII and CREB were significantly reduced (both P < 0.05) in the model group. In 12 weeks of moxibustion, compared with the model group, the levels of P-CAMKII and P-CREB were increased in the “BL23” group and the “BL21” group (all P < 0.05) and the levels in the “BL23” group were higher than that of the “BL21” group and the non-acupoint group (all P < 0.05).ConclusionMoxibustion at “BL23” achieves a better effect in improving the learning and memory of AD rats modeled by ovariectomy and D-Gal injection as compared with moxibustion at “BL21” and the non-acupoint. The effect mechanism is potentially related to the effective activation of Ca²⁺/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway.     

面瘫必用合谷

合谷是人体常用腧穴之一,对于治疗面瘫更有着显著疗效,古人总结为"面口合谷收"。合谷穴的解剖层次为:皮肤-皮下组织-第一背侧骨间肌-拇收肌;浅层布有桡神经浅支、手背静脉网桡侧部和第一掌背动静脉的分支或属支;深层分布有尺神经深支的分支等。红外热像研究表明,面部温度的升高是针刺合谷后出现的客观反应。功能性磁共振成像研究表明,大脑的神经活动与合谷穴有着密切的相关性。     

TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在阿尔茨海默病炎性反应中的表达及电针干预影响

目的观察TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)炎性反应中的表达及益肾调督法电针的效应。方法40只雄性SD大鼠,随机等分成对照组、假手术组、模型组和治疗组。采用双侧海马注射Aβ1-42建立AD模型。对照组、假手术组和模型组不予任何治疗;治疗组选取百会、肾俞,电针20 min,1次/d,6 d为1个疗程,2个疗程间休息1日。采用Elisa法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-4水平,Western Blot法检测脑内APP、TLR4、NF-κBp65蛋白含量,免疫组织化学染色法检测海马CA1区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)的表达。结果Elisa结果显示,假手术组与对照组相比,各项指标含量差异均无统计学意义。模型组血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.01)、IL-4水平显著下降(P<0.01)。治疗组血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平较模型组显著降低(P<0.01),与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗组血清IL-4水平较模型组显著上升(P<0.01),与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Western Blot结果显示,假手术组与对照组相比,各项指标含量差异均无统计学意义。模型组脑内APP、TLR4、NF-κBp65蛋白含量较对照组显著增高(P<0.01),治疗组含量则显著低于模型组含量(P<0.01),但仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05);免疫组织化学染色法检测结果显示:假手术组与对照组相比,GFAP表达量无统计学意义。模型组GFAP阳性表达量较对照组显著增高(P<0.01),治疗组GFAP阳性表达量与模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但仍显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论"益肾调督"法电针明显改善AD大鼠血清中炎性因子水平,减轻脑组织损伤程度,这与抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路密切相关,并可能与电针激活星形胶质细胞保护脑组织功能相关。     

牛至挥发油体内外抗白色念珠菌的活性与机制研究

目的 研究牛至挥发油（Origanum vulgare volatile oil,OVO）抗外阴阴道念珠菌病（vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC）的作用及机制。方法 体外实验评价OVO对白色念珠菌的抑菌效果。建立VVC小鼠模型,给予OVO干预后,检测小鼠阴道灌洗液中炎症因子含量,苏木素-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE）染色、PAS染色及扫描电镜观察阴道组织的病理变化,Western blotting检测阴道组织Dectin-1信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果 在体外抑菌实验中,OVO对白色念珠菌的抑菌圈直径为（24±2）mm,最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）为1.95 mg/mL;OVO明显抑制了白色念珠菌的生物膜形成、疏水性及黏附性（P＜0.05、0.01）。在动物实验中,与模型组比较,OVO组小鼠阴道冲洗液中菌落数和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）、IL-17、IL-22含量显著减少（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）,阴道组织上皮角化、炎细胞浸润及真菌负荷量明显减少,阴道组织中树突状细胞相关性C型凝集素-1（dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin 1,Dectin-1）、脾酪氨酸激酶（spleen tyrosine kinase,Syk）、磷脂酶-Cγ2（phospholipase-Cγ2,PLCγ-2）、胱天蛋白酶募集域蛋白9（caspase-associated recruitment domain-containing protein 9,CARD9）、磷酸化核因子-κB p65（phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65,p-NF-κB p65）蛋白表达水平明显降低（P＜0.05、0.01）。结论 OVO可能通过抑制小鼠阴道组织中的炎症反应来改善VVC,并有望成为治疗VVC感染的潜在候选药物。     

植物挥发油抗炎作用研究进展

机体受到感染或损伤后触发的一种自身防御机制称为炎症。作为一种常见的防御机制，炎症在临床上十分多见。如果得不到及时治疗还有可能导致多种更加严重的疾病。目前临床上大多通过化学合成的药物进行抗感染治疗，但其不良反应不可忽视，这已经成为一个临床亟待解决的问题。植物挥发油是一种从芳香植物中提取的天然化合物，具有抵抗炎症的作用。本文通过植物挥发油对于炎症病原菌的有效成分、作用机制、协同作用以及安全性等方面进行阐述，为以后植物挥发油的科研方向提供一定借鉴。