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目的 探讨并分析2019年萍乡市人民医院儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)病原菌分布及耐药性。方法 对本院2019年1月至12月收治的儿童CAP患儿200例的痰液进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验,并对其中146个痰培养异常结果进行分析,了解痰培养异常标本中主要治病菌分布情况可治病病菌耐药情况。结果 检测显示,146个痰培养异常结果,共检出146株病原,以是大肠埃希菌(41株),金黄色葡萄球菌(38株),肺炎克雷伯菌(28株)为主,其中革兰阴性菌主要有大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌占47.26%,革兰阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌占26.03%;在主要革兰阴性菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌与大肠埃希菌均对氨苄西林耐药率最高分别为95.00%(19/20)、57.69%(15/26),肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢唑林耐药率为30.00%(6/20),对呋喃妥因、头孢呋辛钠、头孢呋辛酯耐药率均为25%(5/20、2/8、2/8),大肠埃希菌对头孢唑林、头孢曲松、复方新诺明、耐药率分别为30.77%(8/26)、29.27%(12/41)、29.27%(12/41),两者均对头孢他啶、头孢西丁、氨曲南、头孢吡肟等具较高敏感性;革兰阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素耐药性最高达94.74%(36/38),对克林霉素、红霉素、四环素耐药性分别为31.58%(12/38)、31.58%(12/38)、30.77%(8/26),对万古霉素、复方新诺明等敏感。结论大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及肺炎克雷伯菌为2019年萍乡市儿童CAP的主要致病菌群,检出病原菌对常用抗生素有不同程度耐药,可根据药敏试验结果临床合理对症使用抗生素药物,以加强治疗效果。 相似文献
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对本院自2010年1月至2013年1月收住的几型疑难急性阑尾炎的诊断与治疗情况进行回顾总结.将妊娠合并急性阑尾炎,小儿急性阑尾炎,合并肠梗阻及小肠穿孔的急性阑尾炎的病例整理归纳,将其诊断与治疗体会进行归纳分析.以上几型疑难阑尾炎的诊断较为困难,早期及时诊断,及时正确处理,能极大的减少并发症及死亡率. 相似文献
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目的:观察非诺贝特联合辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症患者的效果。方法:选取2019年10月至2021年7月该院收治的86例高脂血症患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组各43例。对照组予以辛伐他汀治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合非诺贝特治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后血脂指标[血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]水平、血管内皮功能指标[内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)]水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为97.67%(42/43),高于对照组的81.40%(35/43),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组TC、TG、LDL-C、ET-1水平均低于对照组,HDL-C、NO、VEGF水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:非诺贝特联合辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症患者可提高治疗总有效率,改善血脂指标和血管内皮功能指标水平,效果优于单纯辛伐他汀治疗。 相似文献
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慢性泪囊炎是农村常见眼病,患者由于经常流泪,有脓性分泌物自泪小点溢出,使患眼的安全受到严重威胁,此病发病原因多由于鼻泪管狭窄或阻塞,泪液在泪囊内潴留,细菌生长繁殖所致[1]。慢性泪囊炎药物的治疗多无效。泪囊摘除因术后遗留永久性流泪,已很少有人采用。自1904年Toti报告用泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗本病以来,迄今已有很大改进,成功率达90%以上。为此,作者对67例70眼慢性泪囊炎行泪囊鼻腔吻合术予以报道。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组67例70眼系随机选择无泪囊鼻腔吻合术禁忌症的慢性泪囊炎患者。流泪脓时间… 相似文献
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目的:探讨ghrelin对大鼠进食期和消化间期十二指肠肌电活动的影响及作用机制.方法:大鼠十二指肠埋置银丝电极,采用多道生理记录仪监测十二指肠肌电活性,观察进食期和消化间期静脉.给予ghrelin对大鼠十二指肠肌电活动的影响.分别给予阿托品、酚妥拉明、普萘洛尔、L-精氨酸及ghrelin受体拮抗剂(D-Lys3)GHRP-6拮抗ghrelin,探讨ghrelin对肌电活动的作用机制.结果:进食期给予ghrelin提前诱发十二指肠移行性复合肌电活动(migrating myoelectrical complex,MMC);消化间期给予曲ghrelin可使十二指肠MMC周期和Ⅲ相时程缩短,Ⅲ相频率和振幅增加,但Ⅲ相占MMC周期百分比无显著性改变.阿托品、L-精氨酸和(D-Lys3)GHRP-6可抑制这种效应;酚妥拉明和普纂洛尔对此效应无影响.结论:Ghrelin可促进大鼠十二指肠MMC,这可能是通过胆碱能通路起作用,与NO关系密切.Ghrelin受体GHS-R参与其促动力作用. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a brain region closely associated with emotion. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been shown to be involved in human depression.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate OFC actions and mechanisms of 5-HT and 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) in stress-induced depression.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University between May 2006 and March 2008. MATERIALS: 5-HT, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, an inhibitor to tryptophan hydroxylase) and spiperone (5-HT1AR antagonist) were provided by Sigma, USA; rabbit anti-rat 5-HT1AR antibody was provided by Tianjin Haoyang Biological Manufacture.
METHODS: A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into five groups: control, model, 5-HT, spiperone + 5-HT, and PCPA, with 8 rats in each group. Except for control group, rats in the other four groups were used to establish depression models by forced swimming for 15 minutes. At 30 minutes before forced swimming test, 0.5 pL of 5-HT (12.5 pg/pL), PCPA (20 pg/pL), spiperone (1.3 pg/pL) + 5-HT (12.5 pg/pL, 10 minutes later), and saline were respectively injected into the OFC of 5-HT, PCPA, spiperone + 5-HT, and model groups, respectively. The control group received a saline microinjection into the OFC.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Forced swimming and open field tests were employed to measure animal behaviors, and immunohistochemistry was used to analyze 5-HT1AR expression in the OFC, cingulate cortex, and piriform cortex.
RESULTS: (1) Compared with the model group, 5-HT microinjection into the OFC prominently reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test and rearing in open field test (P 〈 0.05); locomotion and grooming in open field test were increased, although there was no significance (P 〉 0.05). Furthermore, following PCPA microinjection into the OFC (PCPA + forced swimming stress), immobility time in forced swimming test increased dramatically (P〈 0.01), locomotion and rearing in open field test declined (P〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01, respectively). Compared with the 5-HT group, 5-HT1AR antagonist (spiperone + 5-HT + forced swimming stress) increased immobility time in forced swimming test (P 〈 0.01), but decreased locomotion, rearing, and grooming in open field test. (2) Forced swimming stress markedly elevated 5-HT1AR expression in OFC, cingulate cortex, and piriform cortex (P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01).
CONCLUSION: 5-HT improved stress-induced depression, and 5-HT anti-depression effects are primarily achieved via 5-HT1AR. Stress-induced up regulation of 5-HT1AR expression might be a compensatory mechanism for decreased 5-HT expression. 相似文献
OBJECTIVE: To investigate OFC actions and mechanisms of 5-HT and 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) in stress-induced depression.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University between May 2006 and March 2008. MATERIALS: 5-HT, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, an inhibitor to tryptophan hydroxylase) and spiperone (5-HT1AR antagonist) were provided by Sigma, USA; rabbit anti-rat 5-HT1AR antibody was provided by Tianjin Haoyang Biological Manufacture.
METHODS: A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into five groups: control, model, 5-HT, spiperone + 5-HT, and PCPA, with 8 rats in each group. Except for control group, rats in the other four groups were used to establish depression models by forced swimming for 15 minutes. At 30 minutes before forced swimming test, 0.5 pL of 5-HT (12.5 pg/pL), PCPA (20 pg/pL), spiperone (1.3 pg/pL) + 5-HT (12.5 pg/pL, 10 minutes later), and saline were respectively injected into the OFC of 5-HT, PCPA, spiperone + 5-HT, and model groups, respectively. The control group received a saline microinjection into the OFC.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Forced swimming and open field tests were employed to measure animal behaviors, and immunohistochemistry was used to analyze 5-HT1AR expression in the OFC, cingulate cortex, and piriform cortex.
RESULTS: (1) Compared with the model group, 5-HT microinjection into the OFC prominently reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test and rearing in open field test (P 〈 0.05); locomotion and grooming in open field test were increased, although there was no significance (P 〉 0.05). Furthermore, following PCPA microinjection into the OFC (PCPA + forced swimming stress), immobility time in forced swimming test increased dramatically (P〈 0.01), locomotion and rearing in open field test declined (P〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01, respectively). Compared with the 5-HT group, 5-HT1AR antagonist (spiperone + 5-HT + forced swimming stress) increased immobility time in forced swimming test (P 〈 0.01), but decreased locomotion, rearing, and grooming in open field test. (2) Forced swimming stress markedly elevated 5-HT1AR expression in OFC, cingulate cortex, and piriform cortex (P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01).
CONCLUSION: 5-HT improved stress-induced depression, and 5-HT anti-depression effects are primarily achieved via 5-HT1AR. Stress-induced up regulation of 5-HT1AR expression might be a compensatory mechanism for decreased 5-HT expression. 相似文献
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Ghrelin对大鼠小肠转运及消化间期移行性复合肌电活动的作用及机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 探讨ghrelin对大鼠小肠转运和消化间期移行性复合肌电活动(MMC)的影响及作用机制.方法 大鼠禁食24 h,观察静脉给予不同剂量ghrelin对小肠转运的影响,及静脉给予ghrelin受体拮抗剂(D-Lys3)GHRP-6对ghrelin作用的影响.采用多道生理记录仪在大鼠清醒、禁食状态下监测消化间期MMC,观察静脉给予ghrelin对胃肠MMC的影响.分别给予阿托品、酚妥拉明、普萘洛尔、L-精氨酸及(D-Lys3)GHRP-6,探讨ghrelin对MMC的作用机制.结果 静脉给予ghrelin剂量依赖性地促进小肠转运,此作用可被(D-Lys3)GHRP-6阻断.静脉给予ghrelin促进胃肠MMC.阿托,品、L-精氨酸和(D-Lys3)GHRP-6不同程度地抑制ghrelin的促动力效应;酚妥拉明和普萘洛尔对ghrelin的促动力作用无显著影响.结论 Ghrelin可促进胃肠运动,这可能是通过胆碱能通路起作用,与NO通路关系密切,ghrelin受体GHS-R参与其促动力作用. 相似文献
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