大步迈向新百年

过去的一年非凡、辉煌,我们隆重地庆祝伟大的、光荣的、正确的中国共产党百年华诞,我们也纪念敬爱的林巧稚大夫诞辰120周年。新的百年开始了!紧跟祖国快速发展的步伐,作为妇产科医生,我们一定要做出更多的、更出色的工作,实现“健康中国2030”的宏伟目标。从脱贫、致富、图强,国民的健康日趋重要。     

咪唑安定对肾移植病人术后精神功能的影响

目的:观察咪唑安定对肾移植病人术后精神功能的影响。方法:肾移植手术病人40例,根据麻醉辅助用药的不同分为3组:咪唑安定组(M组)、氟哌利多组(D组)和哌替啶组(对照组),评估麻醉前、手术结束后1h、术后1d、术后2d的精神功能。结果:术后1h对照组MMSE评分较低(P<0.05),BRMS明显偏高(P<0.01)。术后1dM组镇静程度较深(P<0.05),SAS评分较低(P<0.05),D组SDS和SAS评分较高(P<0.05)。结论:小剂量咪唑安定能够降低肾移植病人术后精神功能障碍的发生率,较快恢复移植肾早期功能。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

舶来的"四泉利润"

“做个加盟店很不划算，交加盟费、风险金，还要给特许商管理费……”，许多意向加盟商都有这种说法。有些特许商也常说：“开上几十家店，加盟费都赚不过来，自已还可以直营，还有管理费、促销费、培训费……”这正应了“羊毛出在羊身上”这句古话。     

不同输血方式对肺鳞癌患者围术期TNF—α和IL—lO的影响

[目的]探讨同种输血和自体输血对肺鳞癌患者围术期肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素—10(IL—10)的影响和相互关系。[方法]2001年1月至2003年1月对31例肺鳞癌患者行肺癌根治术，将其分为两组，同种输血组(A组)17例，自体输血组14例(B组)。测定两组围术期血清中TNF-α和IL—10的浓度。[结果]A组输血后d1与输血前相比血清中TNF-α、IL-10浓度增高，以IL—10变化尤为明显，输血后d5TNF-α降低并接近输血前的水平，明显低于B组，IL—10仍明显高于输血前的水平。B组中不同时问IL—10无显著变化，TNF-α于ds明显高于输血前。[结论]肺鳞癌患者围术期同种输血后血清中TNF-α降低与IL—10升高有关，IL—10升高可能是同种输血后免疫抑制的重要原因。自体输血可减轻或去除这一作用。     

腹腔镜下性腺切除术17例临床分析

性分化和发育异常，临床非常少见，其中一部分患者因含有Y染色体需要切除性腺。传统的手术方式是开腹探在，再行陛腺切除。我们自2003年7月至2005年10月，开展了腹腔镜下性腺切除术，效果满意。现报道如下。     

大鼠脑缺血/再灌注后心肌的病理变化

目的探讨脑缺血后心肌的病理改变及脑再灌注对心肌病理的影响。方法通过大鼠右侧大脑中动脉线栓法制作脑缺血／再灌注模型，随机分成脑缺血组、脑缺血／再灌注组、手术对照组，每组再分成0，6，12，24，48，72h组，用TTC染色法观察各组的脑组织坏死面积和心肌的病理变化。结果在大鼠脑缺血组随着时间延长脑坏死面积逐渐增大，至12h达高峰（P〈0．05），之后有逐渐下降趋势；再灌注组脑坏死面积在24，48h（P〈0．01）及72h（P〈0．05）脑坏死面积明显减少；在脑缺血组心肌病理可见炎性细胞浸润、心内膜炎，部分可见肌纤维变性、灶性坏死等病理改变，再灌注组心肌的纤维变性、灶状坏死有显著增加（P〈0．05）。结论脑缺血可引起心肌炎性细胞浸润、心内膜炎，部分可见肌纤维变性、灶性坏死等病理改变；脑缺血再灌注可保护脑组织，但使心肌的病理改变加重，加重心肌损伤。     

负压引流在乳癌根治术后的应用256例临床分析

乳癌根治术后，为防止皮下积液，提高创面愈合率。应用了创面负压吸引引流，在创面放置1—2根有多处侧孔的软橡皮管于腋窝及胸骨旁另戳口引出。本组发生皮下积液13例，无一例感染，效果理想。     

CMU化疗方案辅助手术治疗临床Ⅲ期乳腺癌

 1982年6月至1984年12月，随机分组采用CMU方案辅助手术治疗可手术的临床Ⅲ期乳腺癌71例（用药组35例，对照组36例）。所有病人均行根治术及术后给予放疗。其5年无瘤生存率两组分别为74.2%及44.4%（P=0.01），表明围手术化疗可以提高Ⅲ期乳腺癌的预后。