Effect of AVP on brain edema following traumatic brain injury

Objective: To evaluate plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level in patients with traumatic brain injury and investigate the role of AVP in the process of brain edema. Methods: A total of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were involved in our study. They were divided into two groups by Glasgow Coma Scale: severe traumatic brain injury group (STBI, GCS≤8) and moderate traumatic brain injury group ( MTBI, GCS >8). Samples of venous blood were collected in the morning at rest from 15 healthy volunteers (control group) and within 24 h after traumatic brain injury from these patients for AVP determinations by radioimmunoassay. The severity and duration of the brain edema were estimated by head CT scan. Results: plasma AVP levels (ng/L) were (mean±SD): control, 3. 06±1. 49; MTBI, 38. 12±7. 25; and STBI, 66. 61±17. 10. The plasma level of AVP was significantly increased within 24 h after traumatic brain injury and followed by the reduction of GCS, suggesting the deterioration of cerebral injury (P<0. 01). And the AVP level was correlated with the severity (STBI r =0.919, P < 0.01; MTBI r = 0.724, P < 0.01) and the duration of brain edema (STBI r = 0. 790, P < 0. 01; MTBI r = 0. 712, P<0.01). Conclusions: The plasma AVP level is closely associated with the severity of traumatic brain injury. AVP may play an important role in pathogenesis of brain edema after traumatic brain injury.     

颅脑创伤急性期外周血白细胞变化的临床意义

目的 探讨颅脑创伤急性外周血白细胞（PWBC）数及中性粒细胞（PMN）比例与病情及预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析总结50例颅脑创伤急性期外周血白细胞数及性粒细胞比例,根据病情或预后分组分别进行比较。结果 颅脑创伤病情重者较病情轻者PWBC数与PWM比例显著提高（P＜0．05,P＜0．001）;恢复不良组及死亡组与恢复良好组相比,PWBC数显著增高（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）。结论 临床监测PWBC数及PMN比例可作为颅脑创伤患者的病情判断和预后估计的一项辅助指标。     

云母对鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎细胞增殖作用研究

 目的探讨云母对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的细胞增殖作用和逆转机制。方法CAG模型大鼠分别用3种剂量云母和生理盐水灌胃给药4周。观察大鼠胃黏膜病理组织变化。采用放免法测定大鼠血清表皮生长因子(EGF)水平,免疫组化方法检测黏膜细胞增殖核抗原(PCNA)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和C-erbB-2基因蛋白的表达。结果云母组大鼠胃窦黏膜的炎症指数明显下降(P<0.05),黏膜腺体厚度和腺体数目显著增加(P<0.01)。云母组胃黏膜氨基已糖水平较模型组显著升高(P <0.01)。云母组胃窦黏膜PCNA阳性表达高度为(117.29±11.91)μm,较模型组大鼠(57.14±6.57)μm显著增加(P<0.01);云母组大鼠的血清EGF水平较模型组大鼠显著增高(P<0.01)。模型组、云母组和正常大鼠EGFR阳性表达率分别为45.5%, 62.5%和0%(P<0.05),C-erbB-2阳性表达率分别为72.7%,12.5%和0%(P<0.05)。结论云母促进胃黏膜细胞良性增殖,可以逆转萎缩改变。     

颅脑损伤急性期血糖含量变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨急性颅脑损伤患者急性斯血糖（BG）含量变化及其临床意义,方法：应用电极法测定50例急颅脑损伤者和20例健康对照组的血清葡萄糖含量,结果：急性颅脑损伤血清葡萄糖含量明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：监测急性颅中损伤患者的血清葡萄糖水平可作为反映表严重程序和评估预后的一项参考指标。     

鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎胃黏膜形态特征和细胞增殖调控因子变化研究

目的　研究鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎 (CAG)的病理变化和细胞增殖分子调控变化 ,探讨CAG发生的可能机制。方法　综合采用 6 0 %乙醇或 2 %水杨酸钠、2 0mmol/L去氧胆酸钠和 0 .1%氨水建立大鼠CAG模型。观察大鼠胃黏膜病理组织变化和黏液分泌功能。测定大鼠血清表皮生长因子 (EGF)和前列腺素E2 (PGE2 )水平 ,免疫组化分析EGF受体 (EGFR)、C erbB2、P5 3、P16和Bcl 2蛋白的表达。结果　鼠CAG胃窦黏膜的炎症改变明显 ,腺体数目和厚度显著降低 ,部分大鼠出现肠上皮化生。扫描电镜可见胃黏膜破溃、细胞脱落。鼠CAG胃黏膜氨基己糖和血清PGE2较正常组显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。CAG大鼠血清EGF水平为 (2 .2 4± 0 .83) μg/L ,较正常大鼠的 (0 .6 1± 0 .2 8) μg/L显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。鼠CAG胃组织EGFR和C erbB2阳性表达率分别为 4 5 %和 70 % ,正常大鼠均无表达 (P <0 .0 5 )。正常大鼠P16蛋白表达率为 75 % ,显著高于模型大鼠的 10 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,模型大鼠Bcl 2蛋白表达率为5 0 % ,高于正常大鼠的 10 % (P <0 .0 5 )。CAG和正常大鼠的P5 3蛋白表达率分别为 30 %和 10 % ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　鼠CAG的发生与多种致病因素破坏胃黏膜屏障 ,胃黏膜细胞增殖和凋亡失衡有关。     

Effect of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier in rats following traumatic brain injury

Objective：To explore the effects of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier （BBB） in rats following traumatic brain injury （TBI）.Methods： A total of 108 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as subjects and randomly assigned to three groups：sham-operation,TBI and Xingnaojing injection was set up by the improved device of Feeney＇s weightcontent and BBB permeability expressed as Evans blue content were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery.Results： In sham-operation group, brain water content and Evans blue content in brain tissue were 78.97%±1.22%and 5.13μg±0.71μg. Following TBI, water content in brain tissue was increased significantly at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days （83.49%±0.54%, 82.74%±0.72%, 80.22%±0.68%, 79.21%±0.60%）, being significantly higher than that in sham operation group （P〈0.05）. Evans blue content was increased in TBI group （16.54 μg±0.60 μg, 14.92μg±0.71μg, 12.44 μg ±0.92μg, 10.14μg±0.52 μg） as compared with sham-operation group（P〈0.05）. After treatment with Xingnaojing injection, brain water content decreased as compared with TBI group （81.91%±1.04%, 80.38%±0.72%, 79.54%±0.58%,78.60%±0.77%, P〈0.05）. Xingnaojing injection also reduced the leakage of BBB as compared with TBI group （15.11 μg± 0.63 μg, 13.62 μg±0.85μg, 10.06 μg±0.67 μg, 9.54 μg±0.41 μg,P〈0.05）.Conclusion： Xingnaojing injection could alleviate cerebral edema following TBI via reducing permeability ofBBB.     

云母对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的干预及治疗作用的研究

目的 :研究云母对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的干预及治疗作用。方法 :以 60%的乙醇 ,20mmol·L^-1的去氧胆酸钠和0.1%的氨水在 24周建立SD大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎模型。在制模的同时用云母进行干预实验 ;制模成功后用云母进行治疗实验。实验到期后取出鼠全胃 ,观察胃黏膜大体观及各项病理学指标 ,并以硫糖铝作为对照。结果 :云母干预组及治疗组胃黏膜腺体排列规则 ,无明显的萎缩现象。胃窦部的胃黏膜炎症级别低于模型组 (P <0.01) ;胃黏膜腺体厚度 (L1)和黏膜肌层厚度 (L2 )之比 (Ll/L2 )高于模型组 (P <0 .0 1) ;单位长度内胃黏膜腺体数目高于模型组 (P <0 .0 1)。与正常对照组相比则无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :云母对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎有干预及治疗作用。     

水通道蛋白4与创伤性脑水肿的研究进展

上个世纪80年代末，Agre领导的研究组在红细胞上克隆了第一个水通道蛋白（ aquaporin, AQP ） ,证明了该蛋白具有极强的水通透性，开创了水跨膜运转研究的新领域。到目前为止，在哺乳动物中共发现11种AQP，即AQP0～AQP10，其中AQP4是脑内主要的AQP。近几年来关于AQP在创伤性脑水肿中的作用的研究主要集中于AQP4，表明它在脑水肿的病理生理变化中发挥重要的作用。笔者就其相关的研究进展进行综述。     

PICC在软组织肉瘤化疗中的应用及护理

软组织肉瘤是原发于纤维组织、神经纤维、滑膜、脂肪、血管、平滑肌及横纹肌等的恶性肿瘤，其治疗主要以手术切除、放射治疗、动脉内化疗、全身化疗及综合治疗为主。在软组织肉瘤的化疗中，本科主要采用ADI(ADM、DTIC、IFO)方案静脉滴注持续96h化疗。但由于ADM、DTIC均属发疱性药物，外周静脉持续滴注对静脉损伤大，静脉炎发生率较高，一     

套管针肘部静脉穿刺注射诺维苯的临床应用

目的 探讨套管针肘部静脉穿刺注射诺维苯的临床应用价值。方法 使用美国BD公司生产的22～20G封闭式套管针，选择肘部静脉常规穿刺，妥善固定后，先用等渗液体静脉滴入，确保针头在血管内且无液体外渗时，给予地塞米松5mgiv，诺维苯25mg／m^2，加入生理盐水150ml中快速静脉滴注6～10分钟滴完，然后用生理盐水250ml加地塞米松5mg快速滴注冲洗静脉(120～150滴／分)，输完当天液体后拔去套管针，不作保留。其中选用肘正中静脉1635次，贵要静脉1176次，头静脉545次。结果 共采用诺维苯治疗共3716例次，除360例次经中心静脉导管注入外，其余均采用上述方法，未发生一例静脉炎。结论 使用套管针行肘部静脉穿刺应用诺维苯是一种安全简单可行的治疗方法。