肾脏错构瘤超声造影动态特性分析

目的研究对比脉冲序列造影成像技术（CPS）在肾脏错构瘤造影成像中的价值。方法对24例肾脏错构瘤患者（28个病灶）进行超声造影观察．分析其造影增强的图像特点。结果28个病灶均获得清晰的肿瘤动态造影灌注图像。肾脏错构瘤的造影特点表现多样，造影征象与肿瘤大小相关．小肿瘤（直径〈2cm）多表现为掩盖样快速强化，直径≥2cm的肿瘤多表现为慢速填充的造影征象。结论CPS清晰显示了肾脏错构瘤的血流灌注形态学特点，对≥2cm的肾脏错构瘤更能清晰显示其微循环灌注特点，有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

超声辐照参数对体外基因转染效果的影响

目的探讨超声辐照参数对体外基因转染效果的影响及最佳转染条件。方法将293T细胞种植于24孔板内,24h后更换为转染液进行超声辐照,EGFP质粒浓度为1mg/ml,每孔加入15μg;超声强度分为1.5、2.0、2.5W/cm2,辐照时间分为30、45、60s,微泡浓度分为20%、30%、40%;每个参数相互组合并重复4次。转染后72h于荧光显微镜下观察细胞内绿色荧光蛋白的表达,以流式细胞仪检测荧光细胞比例,CCK-8检测细胞存活率,计算转染效率。结果超声声强、辐照时间、微泡浓度均对转染效率有显著影响。辐照条件为2.0 W/cm2、辐照时间45s、微泡浓30%时转染效率最高,可达(35.25±1.40)%。结论超声辐照参数共同影响转染效果,低条件下相互协同,高条件下相互抑制,选择合适的辐照参数是超声介导体外基因转染的重要因素。     

彩色多普勒感兴趣区定量技术评价2型糖尿病患者指端微循环血流

目的 应用彩色多普勒感兴趣区定量技术评价2型糖尿病患者指端微循环血流状态,探讨其临床应用价值.方法 对22例2型糖尿病患者及29名正常人的右手中指甲床内微血管网进行分析,记录血管指数(VI),血流指数(FI),血管血流指数(VFI)及三者的达峰时间,两组之间进行比较.结果 ①糖尿病患者甲床内微血管显示欠清,连续性差;正常人右手中指甲床内微血管呈网状分布,清晰连续.②糖尿病组VI、FI、VFI均低于对照组(P均<0.01),三者的达峰时间均较对照组延长(P均<0.05).③糖尿病患者的VI、FI、VFI与其病程呈负相关(r=-0.71、-0.74、-0.70,P均<0.01).结论 彩色多普勒感兴趣区定量技术能够准确评价2型糖尿病患者指端末梢血流灌注,为糖尿病微血管病变的早期临床诊断提供了一种新的无创、定量评价指标.     

彩色多普勒血流显像结合定量分析技术评价肾血流灌注的临床研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像结合血流定量分析技术评价肾血流灌注的临床意义.方法 采用Philips iU22彩色多普勒血流显像结合血流定量分析技术分别测量20例正常对照者和20例肾疾病患者的肾叶间动脉、小叶间动脉阻力指数(RI)、血管指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)、血管-血流指数(VFI),并进行比较分析.所有肾疾病患者均于彩色多普勒显像前后进行放射性核素肾动态扫描.结果 20例肾疾病患者单光子发射计算机断层显像检查(SPECT)显示血流灌注减少的32只肾叶间动脉、小叶间动脉RI值明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),VI、FI、VFI值均明显低于正常对照组(VI,VFI,P<0.01;FI,P<0.05).结论 肾疾病患者的肾血流灌注显著低于正常对照组,利用彩色多普勒血流显像结合血流定量分析技术可以无创性定量评价肾血流灌注.     

Early detection of lesions of dorsal artery of foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by high-frequency ultrasonography

This study evaluated the value of high-frequency ultrasonograpy for early detection of dorsal artery of foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （MD）. Eighty subjects including 40 patients with type 2 MD （T2DM group） and 40 healthy volunteers （NC group） were recruited. The intima-media thickness （IMT）, the inner diameter and the perfusion of dorsal artery of foot were measured by using high-frequency ultrasonograpy. Meanwhile, the parameters of vascular elasticity, including stiffness parameter （]3）, pressure-strain elastic modulus （Ep）, arterial compliance （AC）, augment index （AI）, and pulse wave conducting velocity （PWV]3） were detected by means of echo-tracking technique. The results showed that no significant difference was found in the IMT, systolic diameter （Ds）, diastolic diameter （Dd） and peak systolic velocity （PSV） between T2DM and NC groups. Ep and PWVβ were increased, and AC was decreased in T2DM group as compared with those in NC group with the differences being significant （P〈0.05 for all）. There was no significant difference in β and AI between T2DM and NC groups. It was concluded that high-frequency ultra- sonography in combination with echo-tracking technique is sensitive and non-invasive, and can be used for early detection of sclerosis of the lower extremity artery in patients with type 2 MD.     

过氯酸铵毒作用及其防护研究

过氯酸铵 (ＡｍｍｏｎｉｕｍＰｅｒｃｈｌｏｒａｔｅ ,ＡＰ)用途广泛 ,被用作火箭和导弹固体推进剂及炸药中的氧化剂 ,亦被用作蚀刻剂、动物催肥剂 ,还应用于分析化学[1] 。人和动物直接接触其粉末可引起皮肤、粘膜的刺激作用。近年来的研究表明 ,一定水平的过氯酸铵可导致动物甲状腺结构及功能改变 ,对动物的生长、发育、繁殖也具有一定的影响。根据近年来国内外对过氯酸铵的研究报道就其对动物和人的毒作用及其防护措施作一简要介绍。过氯酸铵分子式为ＮＨ4 ＣｌＯ4 ,相对分子质量为 117 4 9。为无嗅的白色或无色针状晶体 ,比重为 1 95 [2…     

VFM评价正常成人左室心腔血流流场运动状态的初步研究

目的:运用VFM( Vector Flow Mapping)成像探讨正常成人左心室腔内收缩期血流流场特征.方法:健康成人志愿者40例(男22例,女18例),二维超声取心尖三腔观左室腔彩色血流信息动态图像存贮并脱机分析,将取样线分别置于左室腔基底段、中尖段和心尖段,获取心动周期内经取样线部位左室腔血流时间速度积分(Time-Flow curve, TF)变化曲线,记录基底段、中间段及心尖段收缩早期速度时间积分(ES-TF)、收缩中期速度时间积分(MS-TF)、收缩晚期速度时间积分(LS-TF).观察收缩期血流流场特征,观察涡流出现时间,测量涡流直径(横径Dx,)及涡流的最大向量速度(Vmax).结果:正常人左室心腔血流流场呈规则变化,收缩早期二尖瓣前叶下方可见涡流显示,收缩中期及晚期涡流消失.收缩早、中、晚期,血流时间速度积分测值由心尖段经中间段至基底段逐渐递增,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).收缩早期涡流直径约为(25.74±7.32)mm, 涡流最大向量速度均背离探头,大小为(38.31±14.25)cm/s,朝向探头速度大小为(11.42±6.28) cm/s.结论:应用VFM技术可清晰显示左室心腔内血流流场状态,左室腔血流速度积分测值可直观反应心腔内血流动力学变化.     

Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction in combination with cationic lipid microbubbles enhances gene delivery

This study aimed to examine the preparation of cationic lipid microbubble(CLM),and evaluate its physical and chemical properties and toxicity,measure the gene transfection efficiency by ultrasound triggered microbobble destruction(UTMD) in combination with CLM.The CLM was prepared by the method of the thin film hydration,and its morphology was observed under the electron microscopy at 1st,3rd,7th,10th,and 14th day after preparation,respectively.The size,Zeta potential and stability of CLM were tested.The acute toxicity of CLM was assessed.The green fluorescent protein gene(EGFP) transfection efficiency was evaluated.The experiment grouping was as follows:naked plasmid group(P group),ultrasonic irradiation plus naked plasmid group(P-US group),naked plasmid plus CLM group(P-CLM group),naked plasmid plus ultrasound and CLM group(UTMD group).The expression of EGFP was detected by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry.The results showed that CLMs were spherical in shape,with the similar size and good distribution degree under the light and electron microscopies.The size of CLMs was varied from 250.4±88.3 to 399.0±99.8 nm and the Zeta potential of CLMs from 18.80±4.97 to 20.1±3.1 mV.The EGFP expression was the strongest in the UTMD group,followed by the P-CLM group,P-US group and P group.Flow cytometry results were consistent with those of fluorescent microscopy.The transfection efficiency was substantially increased in the P-US group,P-CLM group and UTMD group as compared with that in the P group,almost 7 times,10 times and 30 times higher than that in the P group respectively.It is suggested that CLMs prepared by the method of thin film hydration are uniform in diameter,and proved non-toxic.UTMD combined with CLM can significantly increase the transfection efficiency of EGFP to targeted cells.     

实时心肌超声造影评价2型糖尿病患者静息状态下心肌灌注特点的初步研究

目的 应用实时心肌超声造影评价2型糖尿病患者静息状态下的心肌微循环灌注特点.方法 选取临床确诊的2型糖尿病患者13例为病例组,12例健康成人为对照组.经肘正中静脉注射SonoVue混悬液,采用GE Vivid 7 Dimension超声诊断仪实时心肌造影程序同步观察心尖四腔、两腔及左室长轴观的心肌内造影剂充填过程.存取上述切面闪烁成像前3个心动周期及闪烁后达稳定状态约15个心动周期的造影剂再充填动态图像,供脱机分析.结果 静息状态下2型糖尿病患者心肌灌注超声造影的平台期信号强度(A)值、曲线上升斜率(k)值、A×k值均较对照组明显减低(A:6.46±1.60对6.81±1.53,P＜0.05;k:1.04±0.39对1.28±0.31,P＜0.01;A×k:6.55±2.72对8.78±3.16,P＜0.01).结论 心肌超声造影可评价2型糖尿病患者心肌微循环灌注的早期改变,为糖尿病心肌病的早期诊断和治疗提供重要参考.     

二维应变超声心动图结合实时心肌超声造影评价冠状动脉不同狭窄程度对心肌灌注和心功能的影响

目的 应用二维应变超声心动图(2D-Strain)结合实时心肌超声造影(MCE)评价静息状态下冠状动脉(冠脉)不同程度狭窄患者局部心肌血流灌注和应变的变化及两者之间的关系.方法 对25例冠心病患者及15例健康志愿者行MCE和2D-Strain检查.血供异常的心肌节段按供血冠狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄组(50%～75%)、中度狭窄组(76%～89%)和重度狭窄组(≥90%).从MCE再灌注允盈曲线获得A值和β值分析心肌灌注;应用2D-Strain测量心肌纵向收缩期峰值应变(SL)分析心功能.结果 在异常冠脉供血区,随着冠脉狭窄程度的加重;各组的A值与对照组相比呈递减趋势,但差异无统计意义(P>0.05);而中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组的β值和SL值均显著低于对照组(β值:0.75±0.67和0.67±0.53对0.97±0.65;SL值:11.60±5.89和9.58±6.51对19.46±6.17,均P<0.05).β值与SL值有相关性(r=0.65,P<0.05).结论 MCE的再灌注参数β值和2D-Strain测量的SL值均可发现静息状态下>75%的冠脉狭窄引起的心肌缺血,且两者具有较好的相关性.