广州郊区菜地、果园、稻田有机氯农药残留特征初步研究

目的 研究广州郊区菜地、果园、稻田土壤中有机氯农药残留特征.方法 于2008年8月采集广州市白云、从化、增城、番禺、南沙5个区域的菜地、果园、稻田0～20cm表层土壤样品.对白云和番禺两个采样点增加采集20～40 cm和40～60 cm两个剖面的土壤样品,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法(GC-ECD)检测17种有机氯农药.结果 表层土壤17种有机氯农药检出率为90.59%,其残留量范围为4.19～39.89 ng/g;剖面土壤17种有机氯农药检出率为76.70%,其残留量范围为2.35～91.26ng/g.有机氯农药(OCPs)主要残留物是六六六类(HCHs)和滴滴涕类(DDTs).结论 有机氯农药检出率较高,白云和番禺的菜地20～40 cm剖面土壤OCPs超标,对土壤环境有一定危害.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the characteristics of of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in the soil of the suburbs of Guangzhou.Methods In Baiyun,Conghua,Zengcheng,Panyu,Nansha,surface soil(0-20 cm)samples of vegetable fields,orchard and paddy soil were collected,soil profile(20-40cm,40-60cm)of Baiyun and Panyu were also collected,in Aug,2008.Gas chromatography-electron capture detector method(GC-ECD)was used to determine 17 kinds of organochlorine pesticides.Results The detection rate of 17 kinds of organochlorine pesticides was 90.59%in topsoil,the residue level was4.19-39.89 ng/g,and the detection rate in profiles soil was 76.70%,the residue level was 2.35-91.26 ng/g.OCPs residues were mainly HCHs and DDTs.Conclusion Detection rate of organochlorine pesticides is high in soil in the investigated soil and in the 20-40 cm profiles of Baiyun and Panyu,the level of OCPs exceeds the related standard limit,which may have adverse effects on soil environment.     

溴代阻燃剂环境污染及毒性研究进展

溴代阻燃剂是普遍存在的一类环境污染物,包括多溴联苯醚、四溴双酚A、六溴环十二烷和十溴二苯乙烷等,在环境与生物体中均有检出。由于其具有环境持久性、长距离迁移性及生物富集性,对溴代阻燃剂的环境影响研究已经成为环境领域的热点之一。该文对溴代阻燃剂的来源、环境污染水平、毒理学效应进行综述,并提出了建议采取的溴代阻燃剂控制措施。     

三七总皂苷对氧糖剥夺损伤的小鼠星形胶质细胞谷氨酸摄取的影响

目的：探讨三七总皂苷对氧糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)诱导的星形胶质细胞谷氨酸摄取能力的影响。方法：体外培养ICR小鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞，分为正常组、模型组(OGD 6 h/R 24 h)和三七总皂苷组(OGD 6 h/R 24 h+20μg·mL^-1)。免疫细胞荧光染色鉴定GFAP标记星形胶质细胞；采用CCK-8法检测星形胶质细胞活力，同时检测细胞外液LDH的释放；采用生化法检测细胞Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase活性、细胞谷氨酸摄取率；Western Blot法和RT-PCR法检测细胞GLT-1、GS mRNA表达及蛋白水平变化。结果：经特异性蛋白GFAP鉴定，细胞呈阳性表达。OGD/R损伤后，星形胶质细胞活力降低，LDH释放增多(P<0.01)。细胞对谷氨酸的摄取率明显降低(P<0.01),Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase活性降低，同时GLT-1和GS mRNA表达和蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。三七总皂苷干预后，细胞活力明显增强(P<0.05),LDH...