Low sodium content formula for infants with congestive heart failure

Twenty-two infants of isolated ventricular septal defect with congestive heart failure were fed with lower-sodium content formula-Lonalac (Mead-Johnson) to study the clinical response of treatment for congestive heart failure. There were no significant changes of intake, urinary output, serum sodium, potassium and osmolality before, 2 days and 6 days after Lonalac feeding. The low sodium content formula may feed the infants with congestive heart failure in addition to the traditional anticongestive therapy.     

热休克蛋白27在实验性青光眼中表达的研究

目的　观察大鼠眼压升高后热休克蛋白 2 7(HSP2 7)在视网膜中的表达。方法　5 0只Wistar大鼠随机分为高眼压组和sham对照 (假手术 )组。采用电凝鼠巩膜表面至少3组静脉及角膜缘周围血管 ,减少房水静脉回流升高眼压。观察手术后 1、2、3、4及 8周大鼠眼压 ,同时免疫组化检测视网膜中HSP2 7的表达及分布情况。结果　高眼压组右眼术后眼压明显升高。术后 1周眼压 :(30 .12± 5 .18)mmHg(1kPa =7.5mmHg) ,1周后眼压基本稳定。术后各时间点高眼压组右眼眼压与术前、左眼及sham对照组右、左眼间比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。视网膜中HSP2 7阳性表达主要表现在视网膜神经节细胞的胞浆内及神经纤维层中 ,HSP2 7阳性表达率在术后 1、2、3、4及 8周 ,高眼压组右眼与左眼、sham对照组右、左眼间比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,同时发现视网膜中HSP2 7阳性表达随着眼压升高及高眼压持续时间延长逐渐增强。结论　内源性HSP2 7在青光眼视网膜神经节细胞中表达增强可能在青光眼视神经保护中具有重要作用。     

All-trans retinoic acid regulates hepatic bile acid homeostasis

Retinoic acid (RA) and bile acids share common roles in regulating lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In addition, the receptor for RA (retinoid x receptor) is a permissive partner of the receptor for bile acids, farnesoid x receptor (FXR/NR1H4). Thus, RA can activate the FXR-mediated pathway as well. The current study was designed to understand the effect of all-trans RA on bile acid homeostasis. Mice were fed an all-trans RA-supplemented diet and the expression of 46 genes that participate in regulating bile acid homeostasis was studied. The data showed that all-trans RA has a profound effect in regulating genes involved in synthesis and transport of bile acids. All-trans RA treatment reduced the gene expression levels of Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, and Akr1d1, which are involved in bile acid synthesis. All-trans RA also decreased the hepatic mRNA levels of Lrh-1 (Nr5a2) and Hnf4α (Nr2a1), which positively regulate the gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1. Moreover, all-trans RA induced the gene expression levels of negative regulators of bile acid synthesis including hepatic Fgfr4, Fxr, and Shp (Nr0b2) as well as ileal Fgf15. All-trans RA also decreased the expression of Abcb11 and Slc51b, which have a role in bile acid transport. Consistently, all-trans RA reduced hepatic bile acid levels and the ratio of CA/CDCA, as demonstrated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data suggest that all-trans RA-induced SHP may contribute to the inhibition of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, which in turn reduces bile acid synthesis and affects lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.     

中药物质基础研究的思路与方法

本文以中药现代化和国际化为导向,论述了中药研究中的重点与难点问题。阐述了中药研究的主要发展方向是突破中药化学物质基础研究,并提出了以活性导向的标准组分模式的中药物质基础研究新思路、新观点。强调中药物质基础研究的关键技术发展的重要性,并介绍了现代中药分离分析与表征的方法与技术。     

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗黄斑水肿的临床应用

玻璃体内注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病、视网膜静脉阻塞、葡萄膜炎等各种原因所致的黄斑水肿,显示出良好的临床效果和较为广泛的应用前景。减少血-视网膜屏障的破环,抑制花生四烯酸的途径,以及下调血管内皮生长因子可能是曲安奈德治疗黄斑水肿的作用机制。随着应用的日益广泛,其产生的并发症及黄斑水肿复发的现象不容忽视,因此,其长期疗效和安全性有待进一步研究。     

Differential integration rates of hepatitis B virus DNA in the liver of children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Integration of hepatitis B virus-DNA (HBV-DNA) into the host genome, a phenomenon found frequently in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and causally linked to oncogenesis, has not been well characterized in children. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of HBV integration more accurately and to decide whether the integration rate varies at different stages of chronic HBV infection in children. METHODS: Of 13 children with chronic hepatitis, 14 liver biopsy tissues were analyzed. One liver tissue with pure liver cirrhosis, nine non-tumor, and nine tumor liver tissues from children with HCC were analyzed by a very sensitive method, inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR). RESULTS: Thirteen genuine viral-host junctional sequences from 23 patients were successfully isolated and proved that IPCR is a useful method in this context. The results also indicated that the detection rate of HBV-DNA integration increased in parallel with the progress of liver histology towards the neoplastic transformation, with 0% in the liver of chronic hepatitis, 22.2% in non-tumor livers of HCC patients, and 66.7% in tumor liver tissues of HCC patients. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that integration of HBV-DNA into the host genome was rarely confirmed at the early stage of chronic hepatitis in children until the stage of HCC formation.     

The open peritoneal cavity: etiology correlates with the likelihood of fascial closure

The use of laparostomy in damage control surgery and uncontrolled intra-abdominal infection has been well described. We examined 71 patients who required laparostomy to see if trends in management and outcome could be identified based on the underlying disease state. The underlying etiology included gastrointestinal sepsis (n = 25), pancreatitis (n = 21), or trauma (n = 25). Pancreatitis patients required more operations per patient (P < 0.05). The likelihood and type of closure (fascial, mesh, or none) was related to the underlying etiology: trauma patients were more likely to have fascial closure (P < 0.02), patients with GI sepsis were more likely to require mesh closure, and pancreatitis patients were more likely to have no formal closure (P < 0.02). Only 29 per cent of patients achieved definitive fascial closure. Mortality in trauma patients was 20 per cent, 36 per cent for GI sepsis, and 43 per cent in patients with pancreatitis. Complications of laparostomy included enterocutaneous fistula (16.9%) and abscess formation (7%). Though the use of laparostomy has become more prevalent, it is still associated with significant hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. In our study, the number of operations and likelihood of abdominal closure appears to correlate with the etiology of the underlying disease requiring use of laparostomy.