麦冬类中药组织切片计算机三维重建图鉴

利用计算机技术实现麦冬类中药组织连续切片三维重建与动态显示,为计算机辅助生药学鉴定和教学提供了新的三维图像技术和研究资料。     

A new approach to esophageal varices: endoscopic variceal ligation

Bleeding from esophageal varices is a devastating complication of portal hypertension and is associated with a high mortality rate. The management goals for this group of patients are to achieve hemostasis in the acute phase, reduce variceal size, reduce the potential of rebleeding and eliminate varices with a follow-up program. For the past two decades, the gold standard of treatment has been endoscopic sclerotherapy but at the expense of many complications, which often cause serious morbidity. Endoscopic variceal ligation was developed as an alternative to endoscopic sclerotherapy. The experience to date shows that the goals of therapy can be achieved with fewer complications than those associated with sclerotherapy.     

Patient characteristics, methods of diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in the United States.

The American College of Surgeons performed a patient care and evaluation study of melanoma for 1981 and 1987 to determine the presenting symptoms, methods of evaluation, clinical management and resulting outcome. Melanomas of the skin, eye, mucous membrane, metastases with unknown primary site and miscellaneous sites were included. Details concerning 5,004 patients from 681 hospitals in the study in 1981 and 6,900 patients from 844 hospitals in the study in 1987 were obtained--most melanomas were located in the skin; a decline in symptoms occurred at initial diagnosis; an increase in age at first diagnosis was reported; most melanomas were in Caucasian patients; slightly more melanomas occurred in men than women; more melanomas occurred in men on the head and neck and trunk, and more in the lower extremity in women; most tumors were not large in diameter; a significant shift was reported to lower levels of Clark's invasion, and a significant amount of unknowns existed in the Breslow's thickness of invasion. The large number of unknowns makes analysis difficult, but there seems to be some shift toward thinner levels of Breslow's in tumors in which it was known, from 1981 to 1987. Only a small proportion of patients in the current series was known to have node involvement or known distant metastases. An overall decline in diagnostic studies occurred between 1981 and 1987.     

THE IMPACT OF PRE-CLERKING CLINICS ON SURGICAL OPERATION CANCELLATIONS: A PROSPECTIVE AUDIT

Pre-clerking of all patients undergoing elective general surgical operations was introduced at our hospital in an attempt to reduce an unacceptably high operation cancellation rate. A prospective audit has been performed on the effect of this policy on the cancellation rate. Before the introduction of pre-clerking there was a marked seasonal variation in the number of patients who failed to attend for surgery, which could be explained by absence on holiday. This seasonal variation disappeared after the start of pre-clerking clinics, but there has been no reduction in the number of cancellations for medical reasons.     

Cheilitis glandularis: a case affecting the upper lip

Cheilitis glandularis is a rare disorder characterized by enlarged mucous glands, usually in the lower lip, and possibly predisposing to squamous cell carcinoma. A case affecting the upper lip is presented, which appears to be the first report of the disorder in that site.