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排序方式: 共有380条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Remyelination of the central nervous system: a valuable contribution from the periphery. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The loss of myelin, a major element involved in the saltatory conduction of the electrical impulse of the nervous system, is a major target of current research. Serious long-term disabilities are observed in patients with demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis. New therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming myelin damage and axonal loss focus on the repair potential of myelin-forming cells. This review examines the use of peripheral myelin-forming cells, the Schwann cells, to promote myelin repair. 相似文献
2.
Garth Bissette Violetta Klimek Jun Pan Craig Stockmeier Gregory Ordway 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2003,28(7):1328-1335
Research evidence that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) has accumulated over the past 20 years. The elevation of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of CRF decreased responsiveness of pituitary CRF receptors to challenge with synthetic CRF, and increased levels of serum cortisol in MDD subjects support the hypothesis that CRF is chronically hypersecreted in at least the endocrine circuits of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and may also involve other CRF brain circuits mediating emotional responses and/or arousal. One such circuit includes the excitatory CRF input to the locus coeruleus (LC), the major source of norepinephrine in the brain. Furthermore, there are now reports of decreased levels of CRF in lumbar CSF from MDD patients after symptom relief from chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy. Whether this normalization reflects therapeutic effects on both endocrine- and limbic-associated CRF circuits has not yet been effectively addressed. In this brief report, we describe increased concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity in micropunches of post-mortem LC from subjects with MDD symptoms as established by retrospective psychiatric diagnosis compared to nondepressed subjects matched for age and sex. 相似文献
3.
Alexander S. Graphodatsky Polina L. Perelman Natalya V. Sokolovskaya Violetta R. Beklemisheva Natalya A. Serdukova Gauthier Dobigny Stephen J. O’Brien Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith Fengtang Yang 《Chromosome research》2008,16(1):129-143
Canid species (dogs and foxes) have highly rearranged karyotypes and thus represent a challenge for conventional comparative
cytogenetic studies. Among them, the domestic dog is one of the best-mapped species in mammals, constituting an ideal reference
genome for comparative genomic study. Here we report the results of genome-wide comparative mapping of dog chromosome-specific
probes onto chromosomes of the dhole, fennec fox, and gray fox, as well as the mapping of red fox chromosome-specific probes
onto chromosomes of the corsac fox. We also present an integrated comparative chromosome map between the species studied here
and all canids studied previously. The integrated map demonstrates an extensive conservation of whole chromosome arms across
different canid species. In addition, we have generated a comprehensive genome phylogeny for the Canidae on the basis of the
chromosome rearrangements revealed by comparative painting. This genome phylogeny has provided new insights into the karyotypic
relationships among the canids. Our results, together with published data, allow the formulation of a likely Canidae ancestral
karyotype (CAK, 2n = 82), and reveal that at least 6–24 chromosomal fission/fusion events are needed to convert the CAK karyotype
to that of the modern canids.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
4.
Brochetta C Perrotta MG Jeromin A Romano M Vita F Soranzo MR Borelli V Roder J Zabucchi G 《Inflammation》2003,27(6):361-372
Secretion in neutrophils is thought to be regulated in different ways for the different granule types. Specific granules are endowed with proteins which are related to docking and fusion events and are absent on azurophilic granules. Furthermore, even if secretion of content from all neutrophil granules is a Ca(2+)-dependent process, a higher concentration of cytosolic calcium is required for azurophilic than for specific granule secretion. In this paper we show that human neutrophils and promyelocitic cells express neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1), a calcium binding protein involved in exocytosis in various cell types. Both mRNA and protein were found in mature cells and precursors. NCS-1 is shown to be mainly associated with azurophilic granules and, therefore could play an instrumental role in the calcium-dependent secretion of azurophilic granules. 相似文献
5.
Olasveengen Theresa M. Semeraro Federico Ristagno Giuseppe Castren Maaret Handley Anthony Kuzovlev Artem Monsieurs Koenraad G. Raffay Violetta Smyth Michael Soar Jasmeet Svavarsdóttir Hildigunnur Perkins Gavin D. 《Notfall & Rettungsmedizin》2021,24(4):386-405
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin - Der Europäische Rat für Wiederbelebung hat diese Leitlinie – Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung – auf Grundlage des... 相似文献
6.
Volokhov D Pomerantsev A Kivovich V Rasooly A Chizhikov V 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2004,49(3):163-171
We have developed a rapid assay based on microarray analysis of amplified genetic markers for reliable identification of Bacillus anthracis and its discrimination from other closely related bacterial species of the Bacillus cereus group. By combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of six B. anthracis-specific genes (plasmid-associated genes encoding virulence factors (cyaA, pagA, lef, and capA, capB, capC) and one chromosomal marker BA-5449) with analysis of amplicons by microarray hybridization, we were able to unambiguously identify and discriminate B. anthracis among other closely related species. Bacillus identification relied on hybridization with multiple individual microarray oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) specific to each target B. anthracis gene. Evaluation of the assay was conducted using several B. anthracis strains (with or without pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids) as well as over 50 other species phylogenetically related to B. anthracis, including B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. mycoides, and B. subtilis. The developed microarray analysis of amplified genetic markers protocol provides an efficient method for (i) unambiguous identification and discrimination of B. anthracis from other Bacillus species and (ii) distinguishing between plasmid-containing and plasmid-free Bacillus anthracis strains. 相似文献
7.
Joanna Kamińska Anna Lisowska Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz Paula Mikłasz Kamil Grubczak Marcin Moniuszko Paweł Kiszło Halina Kemona Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska 《The American journal of the medical sciences》2019,357(5):421-434
Background
Monocyte-platelet interaction may favor the development of a proatherogenic monocyte phenotype. It is still uncertain which of the 3 monocyte subpopulations interact with platelets to form monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPAs) in acute myocardial infarctions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the monocyte subsets, the percentage of MPAs and the involvement of monocyte subsets in MPA formation among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and compared to patients with stable angina (SA).Methods
Monocyte subsets and MPAs formation were measured in blood collected in 3.2% sodium citrate tubes by means of flow cytometry.Results
Classical, intermediate and nonclassical monocyte percentages were statistically different when comparing patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. Moreover, classical and intermediate monocytes were statistically different when comparing the STEMI and SA group; however, only the classical monocyte subset was found to be higher in the acute myocardial infarction group compared to the SA group. The percentage of MPAs was significantly higher in STEMI (50.1%) compared to NSTEMI (22.9%). We found no differences in the involvement of monocyte subsets in MPA formation between patients with STEMI and NSTEMI and in comparison with the SA group.Conclusions
These findings suggest that the increase in circulating levels of classical monocytes in patients with STEMI as compared to NSTEMI reflects the severity of the acute event. The increased percentage of MPAs may favor the development of STEMI compared to NSTEMI. 相似文献8.
Dupont E Falardeau P Mousa SA Dimitriadou V Pepin MC Wang T Alaoui-Jamali MA 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2002,19(2):145-153
A novel naturally occurring antiangiogenic agent isolated from cartilage, referred to as Neovastat (AE-941), was examined for its efficacy against tumor neovascularization and progression. Exposure to Neovastat results in ex ovo antiangiogenic properties in the chorioallantoid membrane of chicken embryo (71% decrease in the angiogenic index as compared to the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treated control embryos, P < 0.0001). Oral administration of Neovastat inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis in the Matrigel mouse model (87.5% decrease in hemoglobin as compared to the bFGF-treated control implants, P < 0.0001). Neovastat also induces a dose response decrease of lung metastases in the Lewis lung carcinoma model (oral administration; 69.1% of inhibition obtained at the maximal dose of 0.5 ml/day, P < 0.0001). Combined with a sub-optimal dose of cisplatinum (2 mg/kg, i.p.), Neovastat (0.5 ml/day) improved the therapeutic index by increasing the antimetastatic efficacy and by exerting a protective activity against cisplatinum-induced body weight loss and myelosuppression. In summary, our experimental data provide evidence of antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties of Neovastat, following oral administration. 相似文献
9.
Livaditi O Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ Kakkas I Kapsimali V Lymberi P Papastariades C Douzinas EE 《Immunology letters》2007,114(2):103-109
The present study compared two different systems of classification of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID); one based on in vitro immunoglobulin biosynthesis; and another on CD4-na?ve cell counts. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 35 patients with CVID and 20 healthy controls. They were stimulated for the secretion of IgM and IgG after stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) upon supplementation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or with pokeweed mitogen. T cell subsets were estimated by flow cytometry. By the first system, patients were classified into group A (n=18) with secretion of neither IgG nor IgM; into group B (n=12) with detectable IgM but no IgG secretion; and into group C (n=5) with IgM and IgG secretion similar to controls. By the second system, patients were classified into group I (n=12) with less than 109 CD4-na?ve cells/mul; into group II (n=12) with CD4-na?ve cells within 109-225microl(-1); and into group III (n=11) with more than 225 CD4-na?ve cells/mul. All groups I-III were defective for in vitro release of IgG and IgM. The likelihood ratio for splenomegaly in patients with <225 CD4-na?ve cells/mul was 5.08 (p: 0.024). CD4-na?ve cell counts of patients were positively correlated to serum levels of IgG and IgA of patients. The presented results revealed that the former system described adequately the function of B cells and the latter the clinical status of the patient. Our proposal is that both should be used for the characterization of patients with CVID. 相似文献
10.
Iliana Alexoudi Violetta Kapsimali Aristides Vaiopoulos Meletios Kanakis George Vaiopoulos 《Clinical rheumatology》2011,30(2):157-163
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic relapsing vasculitis with multifunctional pathogenesis. The mucocutaneous and ocular lesions are the commonest manifestations, but BD also affects the musculoskeletal, intestinal, cardiac, and central nervous system. BD therapy is based on the suppression of the inflammatory process, using immunomodulating and immunosuppressive agents. In selected cases, invasive procedures may be required. 相似文献